International Journal of

ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES

EISSN: 2313-3724, Print ISSN: 2313-626X

Frequency: 12

line decor
  
line decor

 Volume 12, Issue 2 (February 2025), Pages: 126-135

----------------------------------------------

 Original Research Paper

Energy poverty as a socio-economic phenomenon of the 21st century in Slovakia

 Author(s): 

 Lenka Lachytová *, Ivana Lehotay Pandová

 Affiliation(s):

 Department of Social Studies, Faculty of Public Administration, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic

 Full text

  Full Text - PDF

 * Corresponding Author. 

  Corresponding author's ORCID profile: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7736-7212

 Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

 https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2025.02.014

 Abstract

Energy poverty is a significant and increasingly widespread issue globally, impacting millions of households. This article aims to identify the key factors related to energy poverty, examine its basis in Slovak legislation, and explore its causes and effects. It also seeks to outline the measures taken by the Slovak Republic to reduce the prevalence and impact of energy poverty on its population. Additionally, the article offers practical recommendations, highlighting successful examples from real-world applications.

 © 2025 The Authors. Published by IASE.

 This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

 Keywords

 Energy poverty, Slovak legislation, Causes and effects, Impact reduction, Practical recommendations

 Article history

 Received 20 September 2024, Received in revised form 22 January 2025, Accepted 28 January 2025

 Acknowledgment

No Acknowledgment.

 Compliance with ethical standards

 Conflict of interest: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

 Citation:

 Lachytová L and Pandová IL (2025). Energy poverty as a socio-economic phenomenon of the 21st century in Slovakia. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 12(2): 126-135

 Permanent Link to this page

 Figures

 Fig. 1 Fig. 2

 Tables

 Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5 

----------------------------------------------   

 References (29)

  1. Boardman B (2010). Fixing fuel poverty: Challenges and solutions. Earthscan, London, UK.   [Google Scholar]
  2. Bouzarovski S (2014). Social justice and climate change: Addressing energy poverty at the European scale. Spring Alliance, Brussels, Belgium.   [Google Scholar]
  3. Deller D (2018). Energy affordability in the EU: The risks of metric driven policies. Energy Policy, 119: 168-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.03.033   [Google Scholar]
  4. Dokupilová D (2024). Hĺbková štúdia energetickej chudoby [An in-depth study of energy poverty]. Available online at: https://www.prog.sav.sk/wp-content/uploads/Energeticka-Chudoba.pdf 
  5. Dokupilová D, Gerbery D, and Filcák R (2020). Energetická chudoba na slovensku 2020: Od analýz k odporúcaniam pre verejné politiky [Energy poverty in Slovakia 2020: From analyzes to recommendations for public policies]. SAV, Bratislava, Slovenská. Available online at: https://prog.sav.sk/wp-content/uploads/Energeticka_chudoba_studia_2020-up.pdf 
  6. EPAH (2021). Tackling energy poverty through local actions: Inspiring cases from across Europe. Energy Poverty Advisory Hub, European Union, Brussels, Belgium.   [Google Scholar]
  7. EPAH (2022). Introduction to the energy poverty advisory hub (EPAH) handbooks: A guide to understanding and addressing energy poverty. Energy Poverty Advisory Hub, European Union, Brussels, Belgium.   [Google Scholar]
  8. EU (2023a). Directive (EU) 2023/1791 of the European parliament and of the council of 13 September 2023 on energy efficiency and amending. European Union, Brussels, Belgium.   [Google Scholar]
  9. EU (2023b). Regulation (EU) 2023/955. European Union, Brussels, Belgium.   [Google Scholar]
  10. Fellegi D and Fulop O (2012). Poverty of fuel poverty? Defining fuel poverty in Europe and Hungary. Energia Klub, Budapest, Hungary.   [Google Scholar]
  11. Gawusu S, Jamatutu SA, Zhang X, Moomin ST, Ahmed A, Mensah RA, Das O, and Ackah I (2024). Spatial analysis and predictive modeling of energy poverty: Insights for policy implementation. Environment, Development and Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-024-05015-4   [Google Scholar]
  12. Großmann K, Oettel H, and Sandmann L (2024). At the intersection of housing, energy, and mobility poverty: Trapped in social exclusion. Energies, 17(8): 1925. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17081925   [Google Scholar]
  13. Koďousková H and Lehotský L (2020). Hidden energy poverty. The case of the Czech Republic. In: Jiglau G, Sinea A, Dubois U, and Biermann P (Eds.), Perspectives on energy poverty in post-communist Europe: 173-194. Routledge, London, UK. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003000976-12   [Google Scholar]
  14. Kumar A, Soti N, and Gupta S (2024). Addressing energy poverty in BRICS economies: Insights from panel data analysis and policy implications for sustainable development goals. Environment, Development and Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-024-05652-9   [Google Scholar]
  15. Liddell C, Morris C, McKenzie SJP, and Rae G (2012). Measuring and monitoring fuel poverty in the UK: National and regional perspectives. Energy Policy, 49: 27-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.02.029   [Google Scholar]
  16. Liu X, Wang Q, Wei HH, Chi HL, Ma Y, and Jian IY (2020). Psychological and demographic factors affecting household energy-saving intentions: A TPB-based study in Northwest China. Sustainability, 12(3): 836. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12030836   [Google Scholar]
  17. Lu S and Ren J (2023). A comprehensive review on energy poverty: Definition, measurement, socioeconomic impact and its alleviation for carbon neutrality. Environment, Development and Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-04143-7   [Google Scholar] PMid:37363017
  18. Maxim A, Mihai C, Apostoaie CM, Popescu C, Istrate C, and Bostan I (2016). Implications and measurement of energy poverty across the European Union. Sustainability, 8(5): 483. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8050483   [Google Scholar]
  19. MFSR (2024). National reform programme of the Slovak Republic 2024. Ministry of Finance of the Slovak Republic, Bratislava, Slovakia.   [Google Scholar]
  20. Nsenkyire E, Nunoo J, Sebu J, and Iledare O (2023). Household multidimensional energy poverty: Impact on health, education, and cognitive skills of children in Ghana. Child Indicators Research, 16: 293-315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-022-09970-0   [Google Scholar]
  21. Shrestha B, Tiwari SR, Bajracharya SB, Keitsch MM, and Rijal HB (2021). Review on the importance of gender perspective in household energy-saving behavior and energy transition for sustainability. Energies, 14(22): 7571. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14227571   [Google Scholar]
  22. Strakova D (2014). Energy poverty in Slovakia. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2546758   [Google Scholar]
  23. Teixeira I, Ferreira AC, Rodrigues N, and Teixeira S (2024). Energy poverty and its indicators: A multidimensional framework from literature. Energies, 17(14): 3445. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17143445   [Google Scholar]
  24. Thomson H, Snell CJ, and Liddell C (2016). Fuel poverty in the European Union: A concept in need of definition? People, Place and Policy Online, 10: 5-24. https://doi.org/10.3351/ppp.0010.0001.0002   [Google Scholar]
  25. ÚRSO (2012). Law No. 250/2012 Coll. on regulation in network industries. Úrad pre Reguláciu Sieťových Odvetví, Bratislava, Slovakia.   [Google Scholar]
  26. ÚRSO (2014). Law No. 321/2014 Coll. on energy efficiency and on the amendment of some law. Úrad pre Reguláciu Sieťových Odvetví, Bratislava, Slovakia.   [Google Scholar]
  27. ÚRSO (2022). ÚRSO opens public comments on the draft concept of consumer protection against energy poverty. Úrad pre Reguláciu Sieťových Odvetví, Bratislava, Slovakia.   [Google Scholar]
  28. ÚRSO (2023a). Koncepcia na ochranu odberateľov spĺňajúcich podmienky 3 energetickej chudoby [A concept to protect eligible customers energy poverty 2023]. Úrad pre Reguláciu Sieťových Odvetví, Bratislava, Slovakia.   [Google Scholar]
  29. ÚRSO (2023b). Recommendation of the European Commission from 20 October 2023 regarding energy poverty. Úrad pre Reguláciu Sieťových Odvetví, Bratislava, Slovakia.   [Google Scholar]