International Journal of

ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES

EISSN: 2313-3724, Print ISSN: 2313-626X

Frequency: 12
line decor
  
line decor

 Volume 10, Issue 4 (April 2023), Pages: 162-168

----------------------------------------------

 Original Research Paper

Gaining distance learning effectiveness through mental health improvement during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of patience

 Author(s): 

 A. Nazilah 1, Raja Zirwatul Aida Raja Ibrahim 1, *, Jumadil Saputra 1, Mazidah Dagang 1, Che Wan Ida Rahimah Che Wan Ibrahim 2, Norsuhaily Abu Bakar 3

 Affiliation(s):

 1Faculty of Business, Economic and Social Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
 2Centre for Fundamental and Liberal Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
 3Faculty of Applied Social Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak, 21300 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia

  Full Text - PDF          XML

 * Corresponding Author. 

  Corresponding author's ORCID profile: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1925-4986

 Digital Object Identifier: 

 https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2023.04.020

 Abstract:

Nowadays, the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted communities' mental health worldwide. Therefore, studies on minimizing the pandemic's mental health impact are urgently needed. This study aimed to examine the role of patience on distance learners' mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. A correlational study was conducted involving a total of 330 university students of distance learners, and they were selected using stratified random sampling. The Patience Scale (PS-11) was used to measure interpersonal patience, life hardships patience, and daily hassles patience. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were used to measure mental health from the aspects of depression, anxiety, and stress. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and multiple regression. The study showed that life hardships and patience were predictors of reducing depression and anxiety. Besides that, life hardships patience and interpersonal patience were predictors of reducing stress, and the main contributing factor was life hardships patience. This study contributes to humanistic therapy theories and their practical implications. It also contributes to developing the national mental health policy strategy, Ministry of Health Malaysia, and Sustainable Development Goals 2030.

 © 2023 The Authors. Published by IASE.

 This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

 Keywords: Distance learning, Mental health, Patience, COVID-19 pandemic

 Article History: Received 19 October 2022, Received in revised form 22 January 2023, Accepted 29 January 2023

 Acknowledgment 

No Acknowledgment.

 Compliance with ethical standards

 Conflict of interest: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

 Citation:

 Nazilah A, Ibrahim RZAR, Saputra J, Dagang M, Ibrahim CWIRCW, and Bakar NA (2023). Gaining distance learning effectiveness through mental health improvement during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of patience. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 10(4): 162-168

 Permanent Link to this page

 Figures

 No Figure

 Tables

 Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5 Table 6 Table 7 Table 8 Table 9 Table 10 Table 11 

----------------------------------------------    

 References (38)

  1. Aghababaei N and Tabik MT (2015). Patience and mental health in Iranian students. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 9(3): e1252. https://doi.org/10.17795/ijpbs-1252   [Google Scholar] PMid:26576165 PMCid:PMC4644612
  2. Akbari E (2021). Challenges and effectiveness of using the SHAD social network during COVID-19 according to teachers, parents and students. Electronic Journal of E-Learning, 19(4): 296-304. https://doi.org/10.34190/ejel.19.4.2449   [Google Scholar]
  3. Alexa L, Avasilcai S, Pislaru M, Bujor A, Avram E, and Lucescu L (2022). Exploring Romanian engineering students’ perceptions of COVID-19 emergency e-learning situation: A mixed-method case study. Electronic Journal of E-Learning, 20(1): 19-35. https://doi.org/10.34190/ejel.20.1.2190   [Google Scholar]
  4. Al-Ghazali AH (1939). Ihya’Ulum al-Din. Dar al-Nadwah, Beirut, Lebanon.   [Google Scholar]
  5. Bastaminia A, Hashemi FB, Alizadeh M, and Dastoorpoor M (2016). Resilience and mental health: A study among students at the State University of Yasuj City. British Journal of Education, Society and Behavioural Science, 18(2): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJESBS/2016/28885   [Google Scholar] PMid:27374764
  6. Bülbül AE and Arslan C (2017). Investigation of patience tendency levels in terms of self-determination, self-compassion and personality features. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 5(9): 1632-1645. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2017.050921   [Google Scholar]
  7. Chang J, Yuan Y, and Wang D (2020). Mental health status and its influencing factors among college students during the epidemic of COVID-19. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao, 40(2): 171-176.   [Google Scholar]
  8. Dagang MM, Ibrahim RZAR, Saputra J, Husain Z, Talib JA, and Ramley F (2022). An investigation of psychological well-being among single mothers in Terengganu, Malaysia. In: Haque AU (Ed.), Handbook of research on the complexities and strategies of occupational stress: 404-422. IGI Global, Hershey, USA. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3937-1.ch023   [Google Scholar]
  9. De Ridder DT, Lensvelt-Mulders G, Finkenauer C, Stok FM, and Baumeister RF (2012). Taking stock of self-control: A meta-analysis of how trait self-control relates to a wide range of behaviors. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 16(1): 76-99. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868311418749   [Google Scholar] PMid:21878607
  10. Eaton J (2020). Wellbeing and mental health during the COVID-19 outbreak. Community Eye Health, 33(109): 12-13.   [Google Scholar]
  11. Fauzi A, Wandira R, Sepri D, and Hafid A (2021). Exploring students' acceptance of google classroom during the covid-19 pandemic by using the technology acceptance model in West Sumatera Universities. Electronic Journal of e-Learning, 19(4): 233-240. https://doi.org/10.34190/ejel.19.4.2348   [Google Scholar]
  12. Gao S, Jia X, Yang S, Li Z, and Jiang K (2011). Hierarchical Ag/ZnO micro/nanostructure: Green synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic performance. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 184(4): 764-769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2011.01.025   [Google Scholar]
  13. Giannoulas A, Stampoltzis A, Kounenou K, and Kalamatianos A (2021). How Greek students experienced online education during COVID-19 pandemic in order to adjust to a post-lockdown period. Electronic Journal of e-Learning, 19(4): 222-232. https://doi.org/10.34190/ejel.19.4.2347   [Google Scholar]
  14. Grubic N, Badovinac S, and Johri AM (2020). Student mental health in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic: A call for further research and immediate solutions. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66(5): 517-518. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020925108   [Google Scholar] PMid:32364039 PMCid:PMC7405631
  15. Grynyuk S, Kovtun O, Sultanova L, Zheludenko M, Zasluzhena A, and Zaytseva I (2022). Distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: The experience of Ukraine's higher education system. Electronic Journal of e-Learning, 20(3): 242-256. https://doi.org/10.34190/ejel.20.3.2198   [Google Scholar]
  16. Hartono Y, Haryanto S, and Asrowi A (2018). Character education in the perspective of humanistic theory: A case study in Indonesia. Educare, 10(2): 95-108.   [Google Scholar]
  17. Ibrahim RZAR, Saputra J, Ali SNM, Bratu IA, Dagang MM, and Johar SS (2022). Determinants of female employee wellbeing from the perspective of work-family conflict. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 25(2): 174-190. https://doi.org/10.17512/pjms.2022.25.2.11   [Google Scholar]
  18. Ibrahim RZAR, Zalam WZM, Foster B, Afrizal T, Johansyah MD, Saputra J, and Ali SNM (2021). Psychosocial work environment and teachers’ psychological well-being: The moderating role of job control and social support. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(14): 7308. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147308   [Google Scholar] PMid:34299757 PMCid:PMC8305638
  19. Irfan M and Akhtar M (2020). Evaluation of English language teaching and linguistics program: A case study of Punjab University. Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 7(2): 162-172.   [Google Scholar]
  20. Islam MA, Low WY, Tong WT, Yuen CW, and Abdullah A (2018). Factors associated with depression among university students in Malaysia: A cross-sectional study. KnE Life Sciences, 4(4): 415-427. https://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v4i4.2302   [Google Scholar]
  21. Lee J (2020). Mental health effects of school closures during COVID-19. The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health, 4(6): 421. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30109-7   [Google Scholar] PMid:32302537
  22. Li D (2022). The shift to online classes during the COVID-19 pandemic: Benefits, challenges, and required improvements from the students' perspective. Electronic Journal of E-Learning, 20(1): 1-18. https://doi.org/10.34190/ejel.20.1.2106   [Google Scholar]
  23. Lin Y and Nguyen H (2021). International students’ perspectives on e-learning during covid-19 in higher education in Australia: A study of an Asian student. Electronic Journal of E-Learning, 19(4): 241-251. https://doi.org/10.34190/ejel.19.4.2349   [Google Scholar]
  24. Liu S, Liu Y, and Liu Y (2020). Somatic symptoms and concern regarding COVID-19 among Chinese college and primary school students: A cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Research, 289: 113070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113070   [Google Scholar] PMid:32422501 PMCid:PMC7227526
  25. Lovibond PF and Lovibond SH (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the Beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3): 335-343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U   [Google Scholar] PMid:7726811
  26. Mahdiyar M, Taghavi SM, and Goodarzi M (2017). Predicting patience based on the worldly and divine attachments among the students. Journal of Religion and Health, 4(2): 29-38. https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2019.26.6.11   [Google Scholar] PMid:31908592 PMCid:PMC6939733
  27. Martadza M, Saedon UI, Darus N, Badli TSZT, Ghazalan SA, and Yunus WMAWM (2019). Patterns of referral to clinical psychology services in the Ministry of Health Malaysia. The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences, 26(6): 111-119.   [Google Scholar]
  28. Musa R and Maskat R (2020). Psychometric properties of depression anxiety stress scale 21-item (DASS-21) Malay version among a big sample population. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 8: 1-11.   [Google Scholar]
  29. Nazilah A (2021). Counselling students’ perception of online learning during COVID-19 in Malaysia. Electronic Journal of E-Learning, 19(4): 282-295. https://doi.org/10.34190/ejel.19.4.2445   [Google Scholar]
  30. Pandey V (2017). Comparison of depression among freshmen and last year college students. International Journal of Indian Psychology, 5(1): 33-38. https://doi.org/10.25215/0501.084   [Google Scholar]
  31. Puthucheary Z, Skipworth JR, Rawal J, Loosemore M, Van Someren K, and Montgomery HE (2011). Genetic influences in sport and physical performance. Sports Medicine, 41(10): 845-859. https://doi.org/10.2165/11593200-000000000-00000   [Google Scholar] PMid:21923202
  32. Renger S and Macaskill A (2021). Developing the foundations for a learning-based humanistic therapy. Journal of Humanistic Psychology https://doi.org/10.1177/00221678211007668   [Google Scholar]
  33. Samsudin S and Hong KTC (2016). Hubungan antara tahap kesihatan mental dan prestasi pelajar sarjana muda: Satu kajian di Universiti Utara Malaysia [The relationship between mental health and undergraduate student achievement: A study at Universiti Utara Malaysia]. Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 14(1): 11-16. https://doi.org/10.17576/jskm-2016-1401-03   [Google Scholar]
  34. Schnitker SA (2012). An examination of patience and well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 7(4): 263-280. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2012.697185   [Google Scholar]
  35. WHO (2019). The WHO special initiative for mental health (2019-2023): Universal health coverage for mental health. No. WHO/MSD/19.1, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.   [Google Scholar]
  36. WHO (2022). Pandemic triggers 25% increase in prevalence of anxiety and depression worldwide. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.   [Google Scholar]
  37. Xiao C (2020). A novel approach of consultation on 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)-related psychological and mental problems: Structured letter therapy. Psychiatry Investigation, 17(2): 175-176. https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2020.0047   [Google Scholar] PMid:32093461 PMCid:PMC7047000
  38. Yahya Y, Mohd M, Nazaruddin N, and Sanusi SN (2017). Predictive factors of depression among university students: A study on University Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Information Technology (Unikl Miit) students. Science International (Lahore), 29(3): 561-564.   [Google Scholar]