International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences
Int. j. adv. appl. sci.
EISSN: 2313-3724
Print ISSN: 2313-626X
Volume 3, Issue 9 (September 2016), Pages: 51-58
Title: Hardware-in-the-loop simulation of steer-by-wire system in automotive vehicle
Author(s): Mohd Zubir Amir, Md Fahmi Abd Samad *
Affiliation(s):
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia
https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2016.09.009
Abstract:
Field test approach of steer-by-wire (SBW) technologies by using actual vehicle can be very dangerous. This is due to the fact that stability of the vehicle is very sensitive to the steering wheel input. Less optimum parameters of the steering controllers or system failure may lead to dangerous road accident. In this study, hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HiLS) is used to bridge the gap between simulation and experimentation of SBW system. In the proposed HiLS system, SBW test rig is set up to communicate in real time with 14 degree-of-freedom vehicle model. Proportional-integral-derivative control optimized with Ziegler-Nichols method is used to control the stepper motor of the SBW test rig. From simulation and experimental results, SBW system developed has the ability to closely follow the steering trajectory of the conventional steering system with acceptable errors. By using HiLS, both controller algorithm and the functionality of the steering actuator of SBW system can be tested in a semi-real driving condition as preliminary testing.
© 2016 The Authors. Published by IASE.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Keywords: Steer-by-wire, Hardware-in-the-loop simulation, Position tracking control, Steering system, Steer test
Article History: Received 25 June 2016, Received in revised form 27 August 2016, Accepted 20 September 2016
Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2016.09.009
Citation:
Amir MZ and Samad MFA (2016). Hardware-in-the-loop simulation of steer-by-wire system in automotive vehicle. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 3(9): 51-58
http://www.science-gate.com/IJAAS/V3I9/Amir.html
References:
Ahmad F, Hudha K, Imaduddin F and Jamaluddin H (2010). Modelling, validation and adaptive PID control with pitch moment rejection of active suspension system for reducing unwanted vehicle motion in longitudinal direction. International Journal of Vehicle Systems Modelling and Testing, 5(4): 312-346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJVSMT.2010.038036 |
||||
Ahmad FB, Hudha K and Jamaluddin H (2009). Gain scheduling PID control with pitch moment rejection for reducing vehicle dive and squat. International journal of vehicle safety, 4(1): 45-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJVS.2009.026973 |
||||
Bachmeyer PJ (2008). Simulation-based design strategies for component optimization in steer-by-wire applications. M.Sc. Thesis, North Carolina State University. | ||||
Balachandran A and Gerdes JC (2015). Designing steering feel for steer-by-wire vehicles using objective measures. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, 20(1): 373-383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TMECH.2014.2324593 |
||||
Bertoluzzo M, Buja G and Menis R (2007). Control schemes for steer-by-wire systems. IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, 1(1): 20-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MIE.2007.357171 |
||||
Cesiel D, Gaunt MC and Daugherty B (2006). Development of a steer-by-wire system for the GM Sequel. Proceedings from the 2006 SAE World Congress. SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-1173, doi:10.4271/2006-01-1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-1173 |
||||
Haggag S, Alstrom D, Cetinkunt S and Egelja A (2005). Modeling, control, and validation of an electro-hydraulic steer-by-wire system for articulated vehicle applications. IEEE/AsME Transactions on Mechatronics, 10(6): 688-692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TMECH.2005.859838 |
||||
Hanzaki AR, Saha SK and Rao PVM (2007). Modeling of rack and pinion steering linkage using multi-body dynamics. 12th International Federation for the Promotion of Mechanism and Machine (IFToMM) Congress, Besancon, France. | ||||
Hudha K, Jamaluddin H and Samin PM (2008). Disturbance rejection control of a light armoured vehicle using stability augmentation based active suspension system. International Journal of Heavy Vehicle Systems, 15(2-4): 152-169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJHVS.2008.022240 |
||||
Hudha K, Zakaria MH and Tamaldin N (2011). Hardware in the loop simulation of active front wheel steering control for yaw disturbance rejection. International Journal of Vehicle Safety, 5(4): 356-373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJVS.2011.045776 |
||||
Ikenaga S, Lewis FL, Campos J and Davis L (2000). Active suspension control of ground vehicle based on a full-vehicle model. IEEE conference of American Control, 6: 4019-4024. Https://doi.org/10.1109/ACC.2000.876977 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.2000.876977 |
||||
Jang SH, Park TJ and Han CS (2003). A control of vehicle using steer-by-wire system with hardware-in-the-loop simulation system. Proceedings of Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM 2003), 1: 389–394. | ||||
Kim CJ, Jang JH, Yu SN, Lee SH, Han CS and Hedrick JK (2008). Development of a control algorithm for a tie-rod-actuating steer-by-wire system. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 222(9): 1543-1557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070JAUTO825 |
||||
Morar A (2003). Stepper motor model for dynamic simulation. Acta Electrotehnica, 44(2): 117-122. | ||||
Nasir MZM, Dwijotomo A, Amir MZ, Abdullah MA, Hassan MZ and Hudha K (2012). Position tracking of automatic rack and pinion steering linkage system through hardware in the loop testing. IEEE Conference of Control and System Graduate Research Colloquium (ICSGRC), Shah Alam, Selangor: 111-115. |
||||
Oh SW, Chae HC, Yun SC and Han CS (2004). The design of a controller for the steer-by-wire system. JSME International Journal Series C, 47(3): 896-907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmec.47.896 |
||||
Oncu S, Guvenc L, Ersolmaz S, Ozturk S, Kilic N and Sinal M (2007). Steer-by-Wire Control of a Light Commercial Vehicle Using a Hardware-in-the-Loop Test Setup. SAE Commercial Vehicle Engineering Congress and Exhibition, SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-4198. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-4198 |
||||
Park S, Hwang S, Oh Y and Lee U (2007). Development of the independent-type SBW system. SAE World Congress and Exhibition, SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-1148. | ||||
Park TJ, Han CS and Lee SH (2005). Development of the electronic control unit for the rack-actuating steer-by-wire using the hardware-in-the-loop simulation system. Mechatronics, 15(8): 899-918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechatronics.2005.05.002 |
||||
Russell HEB and Gerdes CJ (2014). Low friction emulation of lateral vehicle dynamics using four-wheel steer-by-wire. IEEE conference of American Control: 3924-3929. Https://doi.org/10.1109/ACC.2014.6859409 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.2014.6859409 |
||||
Seungkyu O, Hyoungsoo K and Jinhee J (2009). Proposals for improvement of AFS system using HIL and SIL simulation. ICROSSICE International Joint Conference: 555-559. | ||||
Tahami F and Afshang H (2009). A fractional order model for steer-by-wire systems. 35th Annual IEEE Conference of Industrial Electronics (IECON '09): 4161–4166. Https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2009.5415086 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2009.5415086 |
||||
Xiuwei F, Li F and Feng K (2009). Research of automotive steer-by-wire control based on integral partition PID control. 3rd IEEE International Conference of Genetic and Evolutionary Computing (WGEC'09): 561–564. Https://doi.org/10.1109/WGEC.2009.21 | ||||
Zhang L, Wang L and Liao C (2009). Reliability research for steer-by-wire system of electric vehicle. IEEE Conference of Asia Pacific Power and Energy Engineering (APPEEC 2009): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/appeec.2009.4918648 |