Publishing in hijacked Web of Science journals: Analytical and legal study

This study aimed at a legal and scientific analysis of the plagiarized journals within the Web of Science system, in a time when the phenomenon of plagiarism and piracy spread to the titles of scientific and humanities magazines. Researchers sought to analyze the concept of plagiarism of international scientific journals based on its definition in scientific publishing, its dimensions and danger at the academic level of the researcher, and the academic and institutional level of the university. It also analyzed the types of plagiarism that include cloning, copying, substitution, mixing, and repetition as well as the scientific publishing of forged magazines that are no less dangerous and effective than the spoofed magazines. The study obtained several results, the most important of which is the risk for researchers to lose academic promotion and face direct penalties that hinder their path when appropriating funds through unaccredited scientific publications. The study has also reached specific criteria that the researcher must adhere to when seeking publication, the most important of which is the use of accredited websites of scientific journals and international publishers.


Introduction
in the age of knowledge and technological use of information circulation, the electronic plagiarism of scientific journal sites is one of the remarkable and growing evidence in the scientific publishing process, especially within the electronic environment. One of the conditions of the Institute for Scientific Information, affiliated with Thomson Reuters, is that scientific journals on the Internet must have an available permanent website that allows for access to its system and for defining the journal, its objective coverage, the method of issuing it and its affiliation to a scientific or university body or a specific editorial team with the definition of the binding conditions for publishing standards.
The journal's website also allows for designing an integrated website to submit research papers according to the generally accepted standards of submission of intellectual property rights. It permits also the design of research stages, methods of referencing, to follow the arbitration process, to carefully review the stage of final acceptance of publication (Puslednik and Brennan, 2020), and then to set a date for publication that often ends with scientific research being available on the journal's website through Open Access.
The importance of the study stems from the fact that it is a pioneering and unprecedented study in dealing with the issue of plagiarism in light of the increasing prevalence of the phenomenon of website plagiarism for prestigious scientific journals within the Web of Science system. In which the publication of the researcher is adopted by most international universities as a condition for their members' academic promotion (Bergman, 2012).
In the absence of an explicit legislative text that criminalizes plagiarism of scientific journals by considering it as a criminal offense (Fuller, 2013). A legislative deficit has led to confusion in the work of the judiciary, lawyers, and public prosecution services, especially the restriction of the jurisprudence in penal texts (Vekaria et al., 2021). From the abovementioned points comes the importance of the study as it combines and includes the two parts, publication and law, according to the following interpretation: Based on all the proper steps for publishing in the accredited and authorized sites, scientific research is published in many global commercial databases and international publishers' databases such as Scopus, EBSCO, Sciencedirect, Medline, Ulrich, Elsevier, and Springer. Etc. Consequently, the electronic reality witnesses a burglary, piracy, and plagiarism on the official websites of the scientific journals accredited within the coverage of the Institute of Scientific Information or what is recently called the Web of Science. This plagiarism occurs when impersonators use another site with the same title of the scientific journal, and its unified International Standard Serial Number (ISSN). Subsequently, the impersonated site accepts publication of research in exchange for a specified fee, without scientific review or arbitration, and within a short period not exceeding a week to a month at the latest limits (Bethany, 2016).
The financial payment for publication is made by the researcher through credit cards or direct transfer via an international IBAN account number. After publishing on the impersonated site, the researcher would discover that he is a victim of fraud and that his research is not published through international databases. As a result, he cannot rely on it in the stage of academic advancement within his university or institution. Besides, he faces other problems like preventing him from applying for publication for several years at his university and the misuse of his credit card data either in purchases he does not know about or in prohibited activities that expose him to criminal accountability in some cases. Hence, (Burnette, 2015). The two researchers agreed to study this phenomenon in its two parts:  In-depth analytical study of the sites of impersonated magazines within the Web of Science system.  A legal study within the domestic and international criminal law of the phenomenon of plagiarism for scientific publication.
The present study tackles specifically the reality of the scientific and legal impact resulting from publishing in plagiarized scientific journals regardless of the intention of the researcher. It also offers an in-depth analysis of this phenomenon within its publishing and legal adaptation.
The research aims specifically to achieve the following objectives:  Comprehensive and accurate identification of scientific journals under the Web of Science system under the electronic environment.  Determining the objective trends of the plagiarized scientific journals.  Determining the methods of collecting funds from researchers through plundered magazines.
 Preparing the adaptation and legal description of the phenomenon of plagiarism in scientific journals.  Protecting researchers and giving confidence in the validity of publication in scientific journals under the Web of Science system  Preventing fraud in electronic transactions and signatures between researchers and scientific journals.  Disseminating the study to researchers, universities, and research centers and within the global databases to address the phenomenon of plagiarism, rising researchers' awareness for the areas of danger, and identifying the websites impersonating for international magazines within the Web of Science system.
The researchers sought to apply the descriptive and analytical method to introduce the basic concepts of the objective axes of the study by reviewing the conceptual framework of the phenomenon of plagiarism in scientific publishing and using various sources to analyze it.
This research includes a legal analysis of the topic of plagiarism within the Web of Science journals.

Literature review
Many studies have dealt with the idea of cybercrime and as a basis for the current study; the researchers chose to review some of the most relevant. For instance, Mardi Link True Crime Documentary Debut could be considered as one of the studies that dealt with computer crimes in terms of their definition and the identification of the litigants therein. The study discussed the characteristics of cybercrime, its perpetrators, and its similarities and differences compared to other crimes. As Mardi mentioned, cybercrime consists of crimes against intellectual property rights for computer programs and systems as well as the range of crimes that target people and money, except for theft or property that includes hacking and destructive activities. Moreover, he defined the crimes of fraud, theft, and forgery crimes, as well as the crimes of pirates and international cooperation confronting internet crimes.
Similarly, Haywood's (2021) study defined computer crimes in terms of their nature, characteristics, types, characteristics of their perpetrators, and what distinguishes them from other crimes. The study, then, compares computer crimes and other crimes related to private life. It points to western legislation and its protection for private life and clarified its opinion as well as the opinion of jurisprudence and the judiciary regarding electronic and cyber money theft. Finally, the study tackled cyber fraud, the position of the legislations concerning it, how comparative legislation protects society from computer crimes, and showed the international efforts to confront these emergent crimes.
Furthermore, Al-Sharaa (2010) stated that electronic litigation is a modern legal term and that the judicial system, like other institutions, is supposed to be subject to development to keep upto-date. How it will judge a dispute related to electronic commercial contracts if it is rigid and static. Likewise, the judicial systems have witnessed a neglected development compared to the development and modernity of information and communication technology. The United States was and, perhaps, still is one of the countries that dominate the development in all fields worldwide, especially the field of judicial development.
Legal problems have always occurred related to the legal validity of electronic means, as well as the difficulty of implementing an electronic judicial system for jurists and judges who have spent long years under a clear-cut system they have developed through their careers either by teaching or practicing the profession. The study raised key questions about:  Is there a possibility of a comprehensive and integrated electronic litigation from the moment of the initial registration of the case until the full implementation of the ruling clause?  Will there be an understanding of the idea that litigants and their lawyers complete all litigation procedures by electronic means?  Will it be accepted that parties do not appear in person in the courts and instead of submitting pleadings, preparing witnesses, inviting experts, and judging them as well as what accompanies the judicial process in terms of notifications and documentation through electronic means of communication?
The purpose of this study is to present the idea of electronic litigation as a modern and advanced judicial system and as a branch of law capable of development and modernization with the development of software and means of communication. Through the elements of the research presented in advance, the study can be beneficial in the following basic elements:  Preparing a comprehensive, accurate, and up-todate analysis of the journals assigned under the Web of Science system.  Protect researchers from plagiarism.  The scientific and legal response to impersonators.  Protecting waste in universities and research centers from losing the right to upgrade their ranking level within international universities.  Protecting credit card payments and researchers from money burglary.  Presenting a pioneering study on publishing in journals under the Web of Science system.  Presenting new findings and recommendations that support the legal adaptation and prescription for the decision-maker in amending the legislation regulating scientific publishing under the electronic environment.

Plagiarism in scientific publishing
Plagiarism or the crime of plagiarism can be defined in scientific publishing as "unlawful possession" or "theft and publication" of the language, ideas, or phrases of another author and the claim of the plagiarist as his original work. Plagiarism remains a dilemma with unclear definitions and laws. Besides, it is academic fraud and a breach of the ethics of scientific publishing, which exposes the plagiarist to penalties such as fines, deprivation and may reach dismissal from the academic or research institution. Moreover, scientific plagiarism is a violation of copyright and a moral crime.
Accordingly, the researchers define intellectual or literary plagiarism as the use of the text without mentioning its author and attributing it to the self. Whereas, Bela Gipp defines scientific plagiarism as including "the use of ideas, concepts, words, or structures without adequately acknowledging the source to benefit from them when it is expected to present an original and new work".
Correspondingly, the definition of scientific plagiarism is also different among higher education institutions and universities: Stanford University defines it as "the use of works and writings without recognition and mention of the source or author, whether the work is a program, equations, ideas, language, research, strategy, literary work, or any other form." On the other hand, Yale University believes that scientific plagiarism is "the use of other people's work, words, or ideas without attribution including using the source language without quoting or using its information without attribution or paraphrasing of the text in a manner not very different from the original text." For this purpose, scientific plagiarism is considered to include the following: 1. Total or partial citation of ideas, information, text, paragraph, or passage from a published article, books, magazines, studies, reports, or electronic sites, or reformulating them without mentioning their source and original owners. 2. Citing excerpts from a document without placing it between quotation marks and without mentioning its source and original owners. 3. Using private data without specifying its source and original owners. 4. Using specific evidence or inference without mentioning its source and original owners. 5. Publishing a text, article, publication, or report completed by a body or institution and considering it as a personal act. 6. The use of a specific artistic production or the inclusion of maps, pictures, graphical curves, statistical tables, or charts in a text or article without reference to its source and its original owners. 7. Translation from one of the languages into the language used by the researcher in whole or in part without mentioning the translator and the source. 8. The researcher includes his name in research or any scientific work without participating in its preparation. 9. The researcher inserts the name of another researcher who did not participate in the completion of the work with or without his permission to help publish the work based on his scientific reputation. 10. The researcher assigns students or other parties to complete scientific works to adopt them in a research project or to produce a scientific book, publication, or scientific report. 11. The researcher uses students' works and notes as interventions at national and international forums or publishes scientific articles in journals and magazines. 12. The inclusion of the names of experts and referees as members of the scientific committees of national or international forums or in magazines to gain credibility without their knowledge, approval, and written undertaking or without their actual participation in their work.

Scientific plagiarism in academic communities
In the academic community, scientific plagiarism by students, professors, or researchers is considered as an academic fraud that leads the plagiarist to receive academic condemnation, criticism and his punishment may reach dismissal as many institutions use plagiarism detector programs to detect the possibility of theft. Many universities seek to work with their members on the problem of academic honesty by granting them comprehensive guidance and providing curricula for teaching writing and a clear honor code.
In the academic community, scientific plagiarism is a serious problem that may be punished with penalties such as failure in a specific assignment or the entire curriculum and may reach dismissal from the educational institution. The higher the person's educational level the more severer the penalty is. Occasionally, the severity of the punishment may be modified if it turns out that the student does not fully understand the meaning of literary theft.
A study in 2015 showed that students who were new to the university did not understand the basics of citing sources in written academic work despite their certainty in plagiarism malice. The same group of students had a positive view of how penalties were applied to those who polarize. As for cases of repeated or serious scientific plagiarism, such as buying a research study, the expected penalty is suspension or dismissal. Throughout history, there has been an interest in the clarification of the penalties applied to theft.
In 2008, a tariff of penalties was designed for higher educational institutions in the United Kingdom in an attempt to encourage the setting of penal standards. In the application of penalties, scientific plagiarism must be first discovered, as a large percentage of university teachers do not use programs, such as text matching programs, to detect them and a small percentage tries to detect theft by reading the students' quarterly research to detect theft. However, this method is not effective in detecting theft, especially if they deal with unfamiliar sources.

Types of plagiarism and scientific thefts
1. Reproduction: Presenting the entire work of others as your work. 2. Copying: Copying large parts of a specific work without mentioning the source. 3. Replacement: Copying a piece of text after changing some keywords while preserving the basic information of the source and not referring to it. 4. Mixing: Mixing parts from many sources without mentioning them. 5. Repetition: Copying others' previous writings without mentioning them. 6. Mixture: Including passages of text whose source is properly cited from other passages whose source is not mentioned.

Forged scientific publication
Since universities rely on publishing research as a way to assess the success of any researcher, many greedy publishers who do not take science seriously exploit researchers keen to advance the academic career ladder by urging them to publish their research papers without presenting any true review of the corresponding research. In this vein, some researchers can be considered as victims while others are complicit partners in the crime. Likewise, some publishers seem aware that what they are doing is wrong, while others claim they are only trying to make money by doing what reputable publishers do, but faster and at a lower cost.
Therefore, these publishing houses consider what they are doing as an opportunity to make quick money by taking advantage of researchers through quick publishing. A list is prepared on the internet that includes the names of fraudulent publishers and forged independent magazines, and coined the term "fake publishers" to describe them. Many of these publishing houses are based in the Arab world or are looking to communicate with Arab researchers seeking to obtain international recognition (Dadkhah and Maliszewski, 2015).
Oftentimes, fraudulent journals email academics asking them to submit their papers to its sites. Those unsolicited e-mails are frequently filled with spelling and grammatical errors and tend to praise the recipient's previous publications. Subsequently, the actions of fake journals take many forms. Some of these journals assure that they carefully review peer papers, while sometimes they blackmail academics who eventually realize they have published in a magazine with a bad reputation. Some publishers refrain from publishing the research without paying more money. They are holding the research hostage. Researchers had lost their research whether they pay or not because no respectable journal will agree to publish previously published research. Instead of paying, it is advised researchers to treat the event as an experience to learn from in the future (Clapham et al., 2016).
In recent years, some egocentric people have exploited colleagues in pursuance of international and rapid scientific publication by creating many fake websites (Fake Scientific Journals/publishers) on the Internet with bright names such as international periodicals. They accept the publication of research without respecting the rules of scientific publication like reviewing and judging those studies or taking into account the quality of publishing. In return, the burden of researchers with heavy financial expenses.
Starting from 2016, the number of those fake journals has increased to reach about seven hundred journals that publish more than ten thousand fake periodicals. Unfortunately, most of its pioneers who publish their research are researchers from the developing world with the majority of them being from Arab countries. It was noted that most of these studies are of no scientific value and contain fatal scientific and coordination errors as well as many typographical errors. As a result, these studies are refused by most scientific juries for academic advancement that requires, in the acceptance of sober scientific research, the inclusion of no more than two published papers in the applicant's scientific production or accepted for publication in one issue of the same journal or scientific conference. Moreover, these juries do not accept online research unless it is by an internationally known publisher (Kovacevic et al., 2011).
All sober international scientific forums agree on general conditions related to journals for scientific publication, including the following (Wang and Li, 2012): 1. To be issued by a recognized scientific authority (universities-institutes-research centers-scientific societies-publishing houses with a good scientific reputation). 2. To have an editorial board, preferably from among the elite of well-known specialized academics with experience and a good reputation in the field of scientific research and academic foundations.

To have, if possible, a well-trusted Scientific
Advisory Body 4. To show in the periodical publications (printed or on its website) the editorial policy and indicate how research is written, the methods for presenting it, the mechanism for reviewing and judging it, and the steps for acceptance of research and publication. 5. That the publishing vessel (periodical -magazine) be in the applicant's field of specialization, and that it does not include divergent disciplines (such as literature and arts with biological, agricultural, engineering and other sciences, etc.). 6. That the journal should have an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN), and an Impact Factor (IF), if possible, in the case of journals that have been issued at least two years ago. 7. That it has issued a few regular issues at least and it is indexed and abstracts of its research appear in the internationally recognized evidence. 8. Not to be on the "Beall's list" of fake journals.

Essential features of fake journals
Rapid approval of publishing the research submitted without arbitration or taking into account the quality of publication (the period from the date of submission of the research until the time of publication has reached only three days) leads to the publication of deceptive and meaningless research. What it cares about is the collection of funds whether in the name of publishing costs or requesting extracts (Reprints) from published papers (Grabosky, 2007).
Often the patrol receives a sum of money ranging from one hundred dollars to one thousand US dollars for publishing one research. The strange thing is that the researcher can negotiate with them and make a significant reduction for him. Unfortunately, those who call themselves representatives of those Magazines have spread in some of our universities, centers, and research institutes and they collect that money but approve for publishing. Some of them even address universities to promote publishing in these fake magazines.
These publishing centers carry out powerful electronic advertising campaigns (especially via email) to incite academics to present their research or involve them on the editorial board.
It adopts the electronic publishing method (Online) only, and thus claims that it follows the open access system, and does not provide printed copies (often) of those journals or the research that it publishes (saving expenses) unless the owners of the published research request. It negotiates prices with them and often offers huge discounts (up to 90%) to encourage researchers to publish in them. it has innovative means of collecting money for those who request hard copies.
Making boards of directors of academics without their permission, and even not accepting their resignations from them. It deliberately puts the names of many scholars from different countries, without putting their electronic addresses, or putting fake addresses that only reach those who are in charge of fake publishing centers and magazines.
Appointing editorial boards with the names of fictitious academics, and in some cases, the editors or reviewers are in large numbers and from various countries (without providing the list with their real electronic addresses). Sometimes the editorial board is the same for more than one periodical, even if they are far apart in specialization, and often they do not have the academic experience that qualifies them to produce good scientific publications of acceptable publishing quality. Most of these sites do not have clear addresses showing their work locations, or place fake addresses (such as addresses in New York City) while they are managed from other places in developing countries such as India or Nigeria, or others. They circumvent to receive messages with different and fictitious postal addresses, vague methods, and vague addresses to receive money.
The arbitration and review process takes place in a very short and fast time (for example it takes 10-15 days between submitting the research and publishing), which raises questions about the accuracy of the review and arbitration process and the quality of the publication process.
Imitation (or theft) of the names or sites of the most established and world-famous journals, such as the theft/imitation of the name of the "African Crop Science Journal" issued by the African Society for Agricultural Crops Sciences since 1993, with a journal similar to it named The African Journal of Crop Science.
The vast majority of these fake magazines are not mentioned in the directories and indexes of standard journals like (Thomson Reuters) and are not indexed widely in library databases, but may appear on the "Beall's list" of fake magazines.
There is no clear policy for publishing and digitally preserving these magazines on the Internet, as they often disappear after a while, and sometimes many issues are issued during one volume under the pretext of special issues, and sometimes one issue contains more than a hundred and fifty research (At a rate that exceeds 5 research published per day). This is more than the capacity of global publishing houses. Some journals combine two or more distinct fields of science that usually do not come together, for example: "International Journal of Philosophy and Social Sciences [IJPSS]" and "International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Education [GJPSE]" "Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Education.
The fictitious journal or the fictitious publisher is often claimed that the journal is indexed, referred to, and its research summaries are published in the world-famous databases, and also sometimes it is placed on the top of its pages that it has an Impact Factor not real.
These fictitious publishing houses publish a huge number of scientific journals (more than hundreds) in various fields and within a short time (about five years) of their life that exceeds the capacity of any old publishing house.
Sometimes fake publishers copy the goals, areas of publishing, and general information of wellestablished international journals and transfer them to their journal pages/magazines verbatim on the Internet. There are many cases of such theft. Some fictitious open-access publishers deliberately create attractive and misleading names for their periodicals, by appropriating the names of well-established and popular journals. They add buzzwords such as "International" or "Global" or "American or European" in front of the names of their alleged periodicals, for example, the fictitious journal International Journal of Applied Physics (IJAP), while the original journal is The Journal of Applied Physic, which has been issued since 1931 by the American Institute of Physics.

Scientific steps for writing a research paper within the Web of Science
This information could be in the form of:  Presenting new original and methodological results.  Carrying out a process of filtering and reinterpretation of the published results.  Review or summarize a specific topic or area.  If you are ready to publish, what you need next is a research paper with a strong topic.
Here are the characteristics of a strong research paper (Lamanauskas and Augienė, 2017):  It carries a clear, informative, and interesting message, presented and constructed logically.  Reviewers and Editors can easily see the importance of a study.  Determine the form of publication according to the following:  Research paper to be presented at the Conference Papers  Full articles/Original articles  Review Paper  Technical Note  Pictorial Essay  Commentary  Scientific Review  Editorial  Letter to the Editor  Works-In-Progress  Non-scientific Materials  Book Review The following is a breakdown of some of these forms of research papers:  Research papers submitted to conferences: It is a great way to publish the results of research that is still under study, and is a form of research in its early stages, usually 5-10 pages, and includes 3 figures and 15 references. A copy of the article is submitted to the conference organizers, and it is a good way to start a career path in scientific research.  Full-text articles: It is considered a good way to publish the results of updated research as it includes between 12-18 pages, 5 figures, and 25 sources, and a copy of the research paper is submitted to the appropriate journal. It is considered a good way to build a scientific career path.
 Accredited Scientific journals within the Web of Science journals: It is a group of scientific bodies specialized in publishing scientific research after you subject it to a legalized arbitration process by a group of specialists in the same field. The refereed scientific journals are the first interface for researchers to publish their research after exposing them to the evaluation process to ensure the quality of the research and to ensure the reliability of its information (Bianco et al., 2016).  Most of the specialized scientific journals are free and do not aim for any profit, while in others you need to pay some costs for publishing, to cover the costs of publishing and printing for this research. These journals belong to accredited academic or research institutions, and their editorial staff includes a group of university professors and researchers who are assigned to non-executive editing work.  Categories allowed to publish in the accredited scientific journals: There exists a group of people allowed to publish in these magazines, and each of them has his own goal that he wants to achieve by publishing in these magazines, and these people are:  University professors: University professors submit their research to these journals due to their desire for a higher ranking at the university; some of them have obtained a higher academic position than the previous one.  Masters and Ph.D. students: One of the basic conditions assigned to every master's student is to publish his research in one of the scientific journals specialized in the same field so that he is allowed to discuss his research and obtain a doctorate.  Researchers: Of course, they have priority over others to publish in these journals, as it is their first opportunity to get the results of their research evaluated by a group of specialists in the scientific field. This helps to spread their research and to register it with their names as scientists who are credited for attending these research results.

Conditions for publishing in the accredited scientific journals within the Web of Science
There are several conditions that every scientific research must meet before submitting it for publication in one of the peer-reviewed journals, as each of these journals has been keen to lay down a set of conditions for the research to be accepted based on. In the following lines, we will explain the most important conditions for publishing in refereed scientific journals. (Dadkhah and Maliszewski, 2015):  The content of the research must add new to the scientific field and science in general, that is, to have the characteristic of innovation  Scientific research takes into account all the scientific conditions that are set for writing scientific research on its basis.
 The research topic discusses an important problem that interests the reader and interests researchers to discover it.  The research must be based on documented information that goes back to well-known references and sources in the field of research to ensure the validity of this information.  The number of research pages determined by the journal, often up to 20 research papers, must be adhered to, in addition to adherence to the instructions and conditions that it sets.  One of the most important conditions for publishing in refereed scientific journals is that the journal's field is compatible with the field of research, so that publication is accepted.  It is important to write the research in a sound language based on adherence to grammar rules to ensure that it is free from spelling errors. Besides, writing should be in a formatted and correct way.  The research paper must be organized according to the division desired by the journal, which varies from one journal to another, according to each journal's system of publishing research.  A summary not exceeding 200 words must be drawn up, provided that this summary includes the most important objectives, procedures, practices. Finally, the findings of the researcher in this research should be written briefly. Thus, it is considered one of the most important conditions for publishing in peer-reviewed scientific journals.  The research submitted to the journal must be exclusive to it, meaning that it has not been published in any other journal because this matter causes rejection of the research.  The validity of the graphs and tables in the research, if any, must be verified, as well as the correctness of the numbers written on them in order not to affect the acceptance of the research.  After writing a simple summary of the research, it is preferable to write a set of keywords that the researcher includes in his research.  It is forbidden to write the researcher's name in the research in any way, but he can only mention the researcher's term without specifying particular names.  The researcher must adhere to the credibility and objectivity of his research when writing the references that he sought, as well as the credibility of mentioning those who participated in this research if any.  If the research is accepted for publication in one of the journals it is submitted to, then the researcher signs a written document that he will not publish this research in another journal without informing the editor in chief of this matter and agreeing to it.

Scientific journals accredited for publishing outside the Web of Science
Scientific publication is not only limited to scientific journals but there are also other venues.
Here are the most important places in which the researcher can publish his research.
 Accredited scientific journals: It is one of the scientific journals in which the research submitted to it is subjected to a codified arbitration process aimed at evaluating and reviewing it. This is to ensure its suitability for publication in these journals according to the conditions of each journal.  Websites for Scientific publication: Its main goal is to provide scientific material for reading, and it does not care whether the research has added new knowledge to science or not or whether it is in conformity with the academic scientific requirements or not. It is also not concerned with subjecting this research to any evaluation processes, (O'Connor and O'Hagan, 2015) which means that the researcher does not benefit from these sites in obtaining a notarized certificate.  Electronic scientific journals: It is one of the means of publishing scientific research. Research in this journal is accepted under specific conditions, the most important of which is that the research conforms to academic scientific standards. That is, it is a refereed journal concerned with measuring these criteria to determine whether it will be accepted. Although publication in this journal is electronic and not on paper, like other journals it has a great standing in the scientific field.

Results
The study found the following:  Plagiarism is considered one of the unethical methods in scientific research because it includes the researcher's appropriation of the research field from others and attributing it to himself without right.  Ablution is considered an ethical defect within the educational institution, and universities have the right to take precautionary measures to prevent this matter with a faculty member.  The forms of plagiarism in scientific research vary between blending and mixing, transliteration, translation, and copying.  The forms, fields, and tendencies of fake journals go beyond publishing research without scientific review.  There is a kind of pirated journals that impersonate similar sites and standard ISSN data for periodicals similar to accredited journals for false scientific publication.  There are financial and legal problems that depend on researchers, resulting from the seizure of bank accounts and credit card numbers.  The accredited journals in the Web of Science rely on the use of scientific steps to write scientific research while applying the standards of international citation methods.  Scientific journals approved by the Web of Science are issued through the official website of each journal and according to its recommended editorial policy.
 There is a wide diversity of researchers used to publish in Web of Science journals among researchers, faculty, and graduate students.

Recommendations
The study recommends the following:  To necessary for researchers to follow the ethics of scientific research, especially about scientific plagiarism.  Use of approved journals by the Web of Science and their official websites.  Adherence to the publishing standards recommended by the editorial boards in the journals approved by the Web of Science.  Universities shall comply with the policy of reviewing and auditing the research of their researchers.  The necessity not to use publishing sites and forged journals by the regulations of scholars.
Finally, we recommend that researchers realize the standards for writing scientific research and global reference citation methods.

Conflict of interest
The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.