The system architecture of digital activity portfolio via internet of things for digital university

Progress in technology nowadays makes serious competition among universities. Many of them adjust themselves by applying technology and innovation to improve their efficiency in both learning-teaching and management. The goal of using technology and innovation is for students’ satisfaction and being a digital university. Digital activity portfolio system is the tool that helps enhance students’ more effective learning through IOT. It is accepted that system architecture is the important part of effective system development. System architecture makes developers realize the factor concept and environment. In this research, the researcher presented System architecture of digital activity portfolio. The knowledge from studying articles, approaches and theory related was used to synthesize system architecture of digital activity portfolio. The purposes of the research were (1) to design system architecture of digital activity portfolio via the internet of things for digital university and (2) to evaluate the system architecture of digital activity portfolio via the internet of things for digital university. The research procedure was divided into two phases. The first phase is system architecture of digital activity portfolio via the internet of things for digital university design, and the second phase is the architecture evaluation by experts. The samples were 10 experts in the field of a digital portfolio, Internet of things and higher education chosen by purposive sampling. Data collection tools were the system and the assessment of an appropriate model with a 5-level rating scale. The statistics used in data analysis were means and standard deviation. The results showed that 1) the system architecture of digital activity portfolio via the internet of things for digital university consists of 3 tiers; the application tier, the network tier, and the context aware and sensing tier and 2) expert opinions on the system developed were at the good level ( X̅ = 4.60, S.D. = 0.51).

Progress in technology nowadays makes serious competition among universities. Many of them adjust themselves by applying technology and innovation to improve their efficiency in both learning-teaching and management. The goal of using technology and innovation is for students' satisfaction and being a digital university. Digital activity portfolio system is the tool that helps enhance students' more effective learning through IOT. It is accepted that system architecture is the important part of effective system development. System architecture makes developers realize the factor concept and environment. In this research, the researcher presented System architecture of digital activity portfolio. The knowledge from studying articles, approaches and theory related was used to synthesize system architecture of digital activity portfolio. The purposes of the research were (1) to design system architecture of digital activity portfolio via the internet of things for digital university and (2) to evaluate the system architecture of digital activity portfolio via the internet of things for digital university. The research procedure was divided into two phases. The first phase is system architecture of digital activity portfolio via the internet of things for digital university design, and the second phase is the architecture evaluation by experts. The samples were 10 experts in the field of a digital portfolio, Internet of things and higher education chosen by purposive sampling. Data collection tools were the system and the assessment of an appropriate model with a 5-level rating scale. The statistics used in data analysis were means and standard deviation. The results showed that 1) the system architecture of digital activity portfolio via the internet of things for digital university consists of 3 tiers; the application tier, the network tier, and the context aware and sensing tier and 2) expert opinions on the system developed were at the good level (X ̅ = 4.60, S.D. = 0.51).

Keywords:
System architecture Digital activity portfolio Internet of things Digital university

Introduction
*Nowadays competition in higher education is intense and serious. Therefore universities, both state and private university, have to accelerate development in academic quality (Gholami et al., 2015) student satisfaction, skill supplementary activity design and management. Higher education administer realize the significance of the application of management theory: Student relationship management, student satisfaction management, parent relationship management and emphasized information and communication technology. The aim of the application is to change and develop academic capabilities (Mukwasi and Seymour, 2016;Rigo et al., 2016;Hrnjic, 2016), finally to a leading organization. Some of the examples of IT in education includes Mobile learning wireless connectivity, using online learning Management systems (Lee and Lee, 2015), internet technologies, high speed communication infrastructures, emerging technologies for visual presentation, accessing course materials through internet resources and artificial intelligence (John, 2015). Information Technology in education is defined as a combination of the processes and tools involved in addressing the educational needs and problems by using computers and other related electronic resources and technologies.
Currently information and communication technology (ICT) is a force that has changed many aspects of the way we live. Just as technology is influencing and supporting what is being learned in schools and universities, so too is it supporting changes to the way students are teaching (Bala et al., 2012). Moves from content centered curricula to competency-based curricula are associated with moves away from teacher-centered forms of delivery to student-centered forms. Through technology-facilitated approaches, contemporary learning settings now encourage students to take responsibility for their own learning.
Higher education considers information and communication technology as powerful aspect. They use ICT in such area as course material development, content delivery and content share, learner communication with other learners, teacher and outside society, lectures and presentation creation and delivery, academic studies student enrollment and administration support (Rahatgaonkar and Parmanand, 2017). Learning is no longer limited within timetables and schedules when ICT is used for Digital University.
Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the stringent connectedness between digital and physical world (Atzori et al., 2010;Madakam, 2015;ITU, 2005). Various researchers have described IoT in multitude forms: • ''a dynamic global network infrastructure with self-configuring capabilities based on standard and interoperable communication protocols where physical and virtual 'Things' • have identities, physical attributes, and virtual personalities and use intelligent interfaces, and are seamlessly integrated into the information network" (Kranenburg, 2008). • ''3A concept: anytime, anywhere and any media, resulting into sustained ratio between radio and man around 1:1" (Srivastava, 2006 In order to accomplish their study, university student have to complete the entire course specified and cover activity participation schedule. The activity is for life and social skill enhancement. Traditional time record of activity participation was paper and teacher signed to assure student participation. The advantages of using ICT for higher education stated above, the researcher developed the system architecture of digital activity portfolio via internet of things for digital university to support student activity participation. Digital activity portfolio was instrument for activity recording and participation information (Ashikin et al., 2015;Fong et al., 2014). It was for each student graduation evaluation. And it also was felicitation; decrease teacher burdensome and increase student satisfaction. Some researchers revealed that student satisfaction caused good recommendation of university to others (Bala et al., 2012).
The objectives of this study are sf follows: • To design system architecture of digital activity portfolio via internet of things for digital university. • To evaluate the system architecture.

Methodology
Phase 1 System architecture design: • Design system architecture of digital activity portfolio via internet of things for digital university. • Create an instrument for assessing the appropriateness of the system architecture of digital activity portfolio via internet of things for digital university.
Phase 2 evaluate of the appropriateness of system architecture of digital activity portfolio via internet of things for digital university.

Population, samples groups and variable
• Population is the experts in the field of information technology, internet of things, and higher education. • Samples are 10 experts in the field of information technology, internet of Things, and higher education. Chosen by purposive sampling. They are highly-experienced experts in these fields for at least 5 years. • Variable:  Independent variable is the system architecture of digital activity portfolio via internet of things for digital university.  Dependent variable is the appropriateness of the system architecture of digital activity portfolio via internet of things for digital university.

Research tool and data analysis
The research instruments were an evaluation of system architecture of digital activity portfolio via internet of things for digital university.
The data obtained from the experts were collected and analyzed by using the statistics as follows: • Arithmetic mean • Standard deviation

Findings
The researcher designed conceptual framework to explain and make clear understanding of system architecture of digital activity portfolio via internet of things for digital university system working processes. The system consisted of 4 processes ( Fig.  1: Conceptual framework of digital activity portfolio via internet of things for digital university).
For revealed conceptual framework of digital activity portfolio via internet of things for digital university; consisted of 4 processes as follows: 1. Set up event and Activity: This process is the beginning of the digital activity portfolio via internet of things for digital university. The user set up the default of the activity including the detail of is recorded through the application. Then the transmitter sensor was installed at the activity location. The user was able monitor each past performance and the system accuracy. 2. Synchronizing Signal: This process accrued after user completely set up the activity. At the beginning of the activity, students joined and got into the restricted location. The system sent the connection signal with students' card to identify that students participated the activity. 3. Transfer Data: This process followed the synchronizing signal process. It was signal connector between transmitter sensor and students' card, the receiver. This meant the data in students' card which was connected was sent to application. The data recorded in cloud database including activity data set up in process 1. 4. Reporting: Reporting is the final process. It was the process that students checked the activity participation status through the application. Students checked the number of activity they already participated. They could print the report and send it to the unit that needed the data.
After the explaining the framework to show the detail of the system working processes, the researcher presented the system architecture of digital activity portfolio via internet of things for digital university as show in Fig. 2.
The generally accepted architecture of IoT consists of three layers: perception (sensing), network, and application (Ray, 2018;Ju et al., 2016). Therefor the system architecture of digital activity portfolio via internet of things for digital university included 3 tiers as follows:

Application tier
Application Tier the interface that connected with user while using the digital activity portfolio via internet of things for digital university. It is consisted of 3 components as follows: • Application layer was the interface working as connector with user in set up activity, monitor accuracy of activity and overall system (Lee and Lee, 2015). • Middleware layer was system data management part for information management, service management and technical management. • Intelligent computer technology was the needed hardware and technology system such as database server, cloud severs service oriented, platform technology, and security technology (Gubbi et al., 2013).  Cloud computing is a model for on-demand access to a shared pool of configurable resources (e.g., computers, networks, servers, storage, applications, services, software) that can be provisioned as Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) or Software as a Service (SaaS) (Deugd et al., 2006).
Service oriented architecture (SOA) is an approach which is used to create architecture based on the use of system services. The inbuilt SoA approach is currently being invoked in IoT domain, utilizing the concept of middleware i.e., a software layer superimposed between application and technology layer which hides the unnecessary pertinent details from the developed hence reducing the time of product development, helping the design workflow be simpler to ease the process of marketing the commercial outcomes in short time duration.

Network tire
Network Tire the network for connecting with such parts as mobile network, Wifi and internet. And it worked as the connector with the next part; Context-Aware and Sensing Tier (Gubbi et al., 2013).

Context-aware and sensing tier
Context-aware and sensing Tier was sensing hardware worked as both signal transmitter and receiver. It was installed in activity location. The type of signal can be chosen based on suitability organization (i.e., RFID, Wifi, Internet and GPS). Sensing hardware has to have ability to collect data following context-aware principle. Radio frequency identification (RFID) allows automatic identification and data capture using radio waves, a tag, and a reader. The tag can store more data than traditional barcodes. The tag contains data in the form of the Electronic Product Code (EPC), a global RFID-based item identification system developed by the Auto-ID Center. Stage 2 the results of appropriateness evaluate of the system architecture of digital activity portfolio via internet of things for digital university.
The system architecture of digital activity portfolio via internet of things for digital university is rated as absolutely appropriate in overall (X ̅ =4.60, S.D. = 0.51) ( Table 1).

Conclusion
Higher education intensive competition makes the organization realize of academic development. Therefore, higher education uses ICT such as Elearning, Mobile Learning, Cloud Technology, Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality and Iot in teaching and learning process. One of the most importance aspects is using ICT to create student satisfaction. Activity or instrument development for learning helps create the satisfaction so the researcher designed System architecture of digital activity portfolio via internet of things for digital university. The objective of the design is to automatically record student hour of activity Interconnect with network and context-aware and sensing layer participation. The result of the design was 3 tiers: Application Tier, Network Tier and Context-Aware and sensing Tier. The design was accorded with P.P. Then the developed architecture was examined of its appropriation by 10 experts. The result revealed that the architecture appropriation was at "Most appropriation level. The next step of research is implementation system.