Impact of social networking sites on study habits among Saudi nursing students in Hail University

Article history: Received 10 December 2017 Received in revised form 20 February 2018 Accepted 28 February 2018 The research investigates pedagogical influences of social networking web sites (SNS) of nursing training in Saudi Arabia committed to study the habits of nursing student in the computerized age. Consequently, this investigation was directed fundamentally to decide the connection between use of SNS as indicated by sort, recurrence, hours every week and impact of others, and study behaviour with respect to time administration, fixation and inspiration. A correlational research configuration was utilized as a part of this examination. The examination structure is grounded in Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to control the orderly request on the behavior of Saudi nursing student. TAM was additionally connected to produce the things in the specialist made device The testing for nursing student respondent were selected by the following convenience testing, (n= 100; 55.6%) with age under 21 years of age (n= 57; 31.7%). Whatsapp is the most used web-based social networking took after by Twitter and Snapchat. Companions is the most influencing component (n= 111; 61.7%) in SNS, time is >10 hours/week (n= 75; 41.7%), and recurrence is >6 times/week (n= 151; 83.9%). Use of SNS is huge as indicator of study behavior (R2= 0.231, p<0.05) yet respectably noteworthy and positive in relationship (r= +0.480, p<0.05). outcomes indicate that the effect of social media can be tremendous as in this have a look at intently decided the actual impact of social media sites however, employees of the faculty ought to have the capacity to direct student on the utilization of online networking and incorporate SNS in the nursing education programs to streamline correspondence and learning. Extra investigation is expected to look at different results, for example, effect of SNS on student' scholarly execution.


Introduction
*Web-based social networking is begun when people start to convey. Social means human culture, as obstruction of people and the gatherings and word media is the medium of expressions. Most of the types of web-based social networking are not advanced. It generates a substantial number of developments and Social Media is one of the greatest creations of innovation, which is presently most well-known and generally utilized. We define Social Media as "advances that made social correspondence simple and empower talks among its members". While in our investigation, the word web-based social networking implies an electronic portable application that allows people or organizations to make, communicate with, and share new client created or current material, in computerized condition. Student is customers and makers of media. It couldn't be denied that social networking also took place and is fast turning into a fad (Williams and Merten, 2008). Numerous researchers have characterized online networking in various courses for cases as per Bryer and Zavatarro (2011), web-based social networking includes advances that encourage social cooperation, make conceivable joint effort, and empower pondering crosswise over partners. This is a more detailed definition since it catches the capacity and cases of online networking. These innovations now incorporate online journals, wikis, media (sound, photograph, video content) sharing apparatuses, organizing stages, and virtual world. Coming up with my definition, I would allude online networking as an interpersonal organization of intelligent correspondence that exist between individuals utilizing a specific electronic stages for connection, for example, Facebook ,Whatsapp, Twitter, Myspace, LinkedIn and Instagram. Note that my definition incorporates intelligent communication. Many investigate that have been led on social media manages the impacts of online networking on human social conduct and some on the impacts of web-based social networking on scholarly execution. ASMR (2015) has reflected the scene of webbased social networking use in Saudi Arabia in a broad size and uncovered overall availability is to a great extent bridled by youthful grown-ups at school and college levels. A variety of studies rose to research the wonder including the impacts of online networking to understudy clients since long range informal communication destinations or 'SNS' multiplied in the web. Regardless of the open doors long range informal communication has for humankind; it is watched that the aggregate consideration and grouping of student have been redirected towards non-training, exploitative and unseemly activities, for example, futile visiting using cell phones and gadgets inside the school premises. The negative effect of informal communication on the student is additionally being followed to the way that student make utilization of these gadgets when educating is going on. Likewise at their individual homes, they invest extraordinary arrangement of energy in person to person communication exercises leaving their investigations to a discouraging state which may have unfavorable impact on their scholastic exhibitions. Concentrates from literary works demonstrate that person to person communication media has increased impressive consideration as a factor influencing student' scholarly execution While there are distributed literary works on the impact to decide the use of SNS (De Rossi, 2007;Sharif and Sargent, 2006;Binsahl and Chang 2012), few examinations have investigated the impacts of SNS to nursing instruction in Saudi Arabia devoted to ponder behaviour for nursing student in the computerized age. Accessible written works have demonstrated that SNS could represent the deciding moment on the investigation achievement of the student, such as Facebook and different SNS speak to the greatest diversion to undergrads in this manner influencing their examination behaviour and grades; De Rossi (2007) who said long range interpersonal communication is a critical viewpoint among the present youths and postures adequacy if appropriately diverted; the investigation of Ito et al. (2008), who guaranteed that the computerized world or long range informal communication is making new open doors for the adolescent to think about social standards, investigate premiums, create specialized abilities, and explore different avenues regarding new types of self-articulation, and some more. On alternate points of view, Karpinski and Duberstein (2009) directed a measurable report and studied more than two hundred student to explore the conceivable connection of Facebook and low evaluations. The respondents of the study all came up to connect Facebook with less time for consider behavior and lower scholastic evaluations. Leake and Warren (2009) expressed that student who utilizes Facebook or play recreations in Facebook commit less time on their scholastic work. The majority of the Facebook individuals don't trust any connection their scholarly evaluations have in connection to their long range interpersonal communication behavior. Pasek and Hargittai (2009) discovered that dynamic SNS clients neither decay nor enhance their scholastic standing in respect to non-clients. Along these lines, Facebook does not generalize affect grades. Pierce and Vaca (2008) expressed that in view of the advantages SNS provides for youngsters' social life; they spend numerous hours utilizing them, and later on, occupy youngsters and impact their scholarly execution. Results likewise demonstrated that the individuals who have a MySpace account, PDA and IM had fundamentally bring down evaluations than the individuals who don't have one. University college students are residing in the records age, where access too many internet sources is only some brief clicks away. The supply of net as an aid fabric nowadays is the purpose why maximum college students have a tendency not to go to the library to observe. The provision and accessibility of information inside the internet can be the reason why students pick to use it in preference to the library for their paper paintings. Johnson et al. (2007) said that significant TV viewing during formative years and early adulthood can be correlated with attention and studying problems and negative instructional consequences. End result indicated that the ones looking TV for more than an hour a day have been at a greater chance for homework incompletion, decreased interest closer to faculty, low grades and successive faculty failure. Looking for greater than 3 hours an afternoon were most in all likelihood to result to those results and are at risk to increase attention problems and are least possibly to receive post-secondary schooling. This study indicates that youngsters ought to spend an average of no greater than 1 to two hours in line with day watching television. Sharif and Sargent (2006) expressed in their exploration that substance and screen time independently affects scholarly execution. In this investigation, both screen time and media content is viewed as a factor that can be related with TV, motion picture, and computer game presentation to scholarly execution. An aggregate of 4508 student were incorporated into the investigation. Self-report of scholastic execution was utilized as an overview measure to rate the past school execution of the student. It was evaluated as phenomenal, great, normal, or beneath normal. Instructors' past report affirms the student' self-report of their scholastic execution. TV or motion picture and computer game end of the week and weekday screen time was surveyed by soliciting the respondents the sum from hours they spent sitting in front of the TV or motion pictures and playing computer games amid ends of the week and weekdays. Al-Khalifa and Garcia (2013) stressed the dumbfounding figures identified with web and long range interpersonal communication webpage use among Saudi nationals. They announced that near half (47.5%) of the whole Saudi populace is occupied with the web, 82% of these web clients sign in to Facebook and that Twitter clients have amplified by 3000% starting at 2012. They noticed that these figures legitimize the way that the present selection of online networking in advanced education organizations can't be stopped. They went on further to recognize the utilization of web-based social networking in training for the accompanying parts: (1) as a channel for coordinated effort and trade of thoughts and assessments; (2) as a methods for encouraging learning; (3) as a strategy for connecting and contacting the student; (4) as a methods for enhancing the learning capacities of the two student and employees. Alsurehi and Youbi (2014) explored the utilization of different social networking applications by using important tertiary training establishments in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia like king Saud University, King Abdullah College of Technology and technology and King Abdulaziz College. The look at revealed the customary use of social network programs inside the abovementioned universities. However, the investigators referred to that as powerful collaboration and academic gear, the entire ability of these social networking applications haven't begun to be tapped. Motives recognized for the underutilization of these social community packages were worries associated with privacy and security, in particular many of the lady college students. Aljasir et al. (2013) directed a selfannounced overview among 188 male and 184 female examination members taking up an essential correspondence course in a college in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study looked for data in regards to how (utilizing which electronic gadget) and where the student get to Facebook, from whom the student shroud their Facebook profiles, number of years of web utilize and Facebook encounter by the student, and the quantity of their Facebook companions. The investigation in like manner investigated contrasts amongst guys and females as for the data assembled previously. Consequences of the examination showed that 81.7% of the consolidated respondents utilized a tablet to sign in to their Facebook account, 97% of the joined respondents got to Facebook from their separate homes, 34.1% of the consolidated respondents did not need their relatives to see their Facebook profiles, 75.3% had over 3 years of involvement in utilizing the web, 22.6% of the consolidated respondents experienced utilizing Facebook for over 3 years, while just 7.3% revealed that they have more than 500 companions on Facebook. The investigation likewise demonstrated that sexual orientation contrasts were huge as far as getting to Facebook through an individual PC (26.6% for guys and 2.2% for females) and those females had more companions on their essential Facebook account in respect to guys. Binsahl and Chang (2012) investigated the utilization of person to person communication locales among female universal remote Saudi student taking up courses in Australia. They particularly looked to comprehend what persuaded these students to utilize Facebook. The investigation uncovered that the inclination of this gathering of student to utilize Facebook was realized by individual and specialized reasons of associate weight and convenience, separately. All the more imperatively, the investigation showed the gathering's openness to the utilization of Facebook for instructive purposes. Besides, it was noticed that specialized variables may assume a part in diminishing the recurrence of use of Facebook while social components, shockingly for this gathering, was not recognized as an explanation behind deserting the utilization of this SNS.
This study was achieved in particular to decide the relationship among utilization of SNS in line with type, frequency, hours per week and feature an impact on of others, and look at behavior in regards to time manage, attention and motivation through a correlational research layout. The developing social networking websites phenomenon has introduced into the eye of the investigators in addition examine the relationship of the usage of social networking websites to the have a look at behavior of students. The instructional surroundings of the students in recent times are undeniably bloated with presentday gadgets and extensive utilization of facts era. As nurse academicians, it's miles troubling to recognize that even inside the campus digital libraries and in areas with wireless get entry to, the use of laptops, and cellular telephones, college students can be located updating their profiles and status, gambling video games, chatting and posting remarks through those net sites.

Theoretical framework
Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (Morris and Dillon, 1997) was received to portray the wonder and to conjecture on the relationship of utilization of long-range informal communication destinations to consider behaviour in this investigation (Fig. 1). TAM is the most favored model in a scope of data innovation acknowledgment considers because of its all-inclusive appropriateness and parsimony.
Within the model, statistic factors in term distance as age, gender, and scholastic level might also influence the impact of nursing student on 'usefulness' (degree to which the user believes that using the system will be free from effort) and 'convenience' (degree to which the user believes that using the system will be free from effort) of social networking sites in view of their academic activities. Ease of use can bolster usefulness among students but influence users' attitude (intrapersonal and interpersonal) independently. Study habits constitute time, focus, and concept of customers that are determined via the level of use of social networking. Perceived usefulness can influence behavioral intentions indirectly. Attitude can interact between study habits and use of social networking sites.

The objectives of the study
The study was conducted to investigate Impact of usage of Social Networking Sites (SNS) on Students' Studying and behaviour Among Saudi Nursing Students in Ha'il University. Specifically, this study was designed to meet the following aims below: 1. To depict the qualities of nursing students respondents with respect to: (an) age; (b) sexual orientation; (c) scholastic level; (d) as often as possible utilized online networking; (e) affecting individuals prompting utilization of web-based social networking: (f) recurrence of web-based social networking use; and (g) number of hours spent via web-based networking media every week. 2. To decide the kind of web-based social networking normally utilized by undergraduates nursing students. 3. To decide the degree of study behavior for undergrad nursing understudy respondents as far as: (a) period administration; (b) fixation; and (c) inspiration. 4. To decide the impact of undergraduates nursing students' level of online networking usage on their study habit. 5. To test for the nearness of a significant difference between and among the utilization of online networking and study behavior by Undergraduate Nursing student when they are assembled by their gender.

Methodology
The quantitative non-trial explore approach, particularly a correlational outline, was utilized to decide the current connection between utilization of long range interpersonal communication destinations and the students' study habits. A quantitative research includes the examination of phenomena that loan themselves to exact estimation and evaluation, regularly including a thorough and controlled outline. A non-experimental research is an investigation in which the scientist gathers information without presenting an intercession. A correlational research investigates the interrelationships among factors of interest without researcher's intervention (Polit and Beck, 2008). The objective populace of the examination incorporates male and female understudies conceded in the Bachelor of Science in Nursing at University of Ha'il. The individuals who selected amid the First Semester of the School Year 2015-2016 were incorporated into the examination. The respondents were additionally qualified by having a presently dynamic record in long range interpersonal communication destinations, for example, Facebook, Friendster, Twitter, Tumblr, and others.  Table 1 shows that the 338 of pre-surveyed respondents (84 students were second year, 146 were third year and 108 were fourth year nursing students. Convenience sampling becomes utilized within the choice of the respondents and it's far a nonopportunity sampling technique where topics are selected because of their convenient accessibility and proximity to the investigators. The inquiries in the exploration instrument were based from the writing review made by the investigator following the Technology Acceptance Model. The overview questionnaire was made out of 56 questions isolated into three segments. The main segment gives data on; (1) the individual profile of the respondent comprising of name, age, year level, and segment; (2) what SNS they are as of now utilizing; (3) persuasive individual to utilize SNS; (4) recurrence of utilizing SNS and (5) the quantity of hours spent on utilizing SNS every week. The second segment was separated into 3 subtopics with respect to the utilization of social networking sites.
The subtopics are in regards to utilization of SNS as far as: (1)  quality of the instrument using SPSS, version 22. The inquiries measured are just those utilizing a fivepoint Likert scale ("1Never" to "5Always"). The inside unwavering quality was high at .904 by utilizing Cronbach's alpha. Information gathering techniques began by composing a letter of demand to the dean of the College of Nursing requesting that authorization lead a pilot and real examination for information accumulation inside the campus. After gaining entry, information accumulation convention took after to incorporate securing educated assent and afterward at last continuing to the lead the study. The information accumulated was arranged in an Excel program and investigation performed utilizing SPSS version 22. Factual medicines utilized to produce the following: (1) test for normality; (2) frequency distribution; (3) percentage; (4) measures of central tendency; (5) t-test; (6) Pearson r Correlations; and (7) One-Way ANOVA.

Results
The example comprised of 180 Saudi nursing students. The majority of student were male (n= 100; 55.6%) with age under 21 years of age (n= 57; 31.7%). Companions was the most impacting on student in utilizing online networking (n= 111; 61.7%). Over ten hours understudies spent via webbased networking media every week (n= 75; 41.7%) more than six times each week in utilizing online networking (n= 151; 83.9%). Second year and third year were the most common scholastic year among nursing student. Analysis of the outcomes uncovered that the mean level and standard deviation (SD) of utilization of web-based social networking among nursing student was 67.01 (13.127) (range, 32-105). The conceivable scope of score on this scale is 21 to 105, with a higher score demonstrating a larger amount of utilization of online networking. The mean level and SD of study propensity among nursing student was 66.00 (13.127) (territory, 41-95). The conceivable scope of score on this scale is 19 to 95, with higher scores demonstrating more elevated amounts of study behavior.
The results from Table 2 shows that most of the male and female students are using Whatsapp followed by the Twitter & Snap Chat then the others are almost out of use. In Table 3 it is clear that friends were the most influencing on students in using social media (n = 111; 61.7). More than ten hours students spent on social media per week (n = 75; 41.7). More than six times a week in using social media (n = 151; 83.9).Second Year and third year was the most prevalent academic year among nursing students. Analysis of the results revealed that the mean (SD) level of use of social media among nursing students was 67.01(13.127) (range, 32-105). The possible range of score on this scale is 21 to 105, with a higher score indicating a higher level of use of social media. The mean (SD) level of study habit among nursing students was 66.00 (13.127) (range, 41-95). The possible range of score on this scale is 19 to 95, with higher scores indicating higher levels of study habit. Table 4 demonstrates that 2 (1.1%) of the respondents never consent to item 1: "Do I apportion a particular number of hours for considering." while 20 (11.1) from time to time concur, 71 (39.4%) some of the time concur, 47 (26.1%) regularly concur and 37 (20.6%) dependably concur. Additionally, 0 (0.00%) of the respondents never consent to thing 17: "Are outstanding evaluations essential to me?" while 9 (5.0%) from time to time concur, 31 (17.2%) now and again concur, 52 (28.9%) regularly concur and 88 (48.9%) always agree and so on.
Simple linear multiple regression examination was led to recognize impact utilization of online networking on consider propensities. Table 5 demonstrates that the utilization of online networking clarified 23.1% of the aggregate fluctuation in level of study propensity (R2= 0.231, p<0.05). Consequently, this rate is measurably noteworthy. In this way, the utilization of online networking is a critical factor in anticipating understudies' examination habit. The course of impact for each of this indicator was a positive one; that is, as the estimation of this indicator expanded the level of study propensity. Table 6 demonstrates that calculated t-value was 1.518 and this was not significant at 0.05 alpha level (p>0.05). In this manner, there is no significant difference amongst male and female nursing student' usage of online media. Table 7 demonstrates that there is no significant difference in the investigation habit for male and female student in Ha'il University (t=1.305,p>0.05). Therefore, male and female nursing student in Ha'il University are not significantly different in their study habit. Pearson product-moment correlation (Pearson r) coefficient for a 2-followed trial of correlation was utilized to decide the connection between the independent factors, utilization of social media and the dependent variable, study habit. Table 8 demonstrates that there is a direct statistically significant positive connection between Undergraduate nursing student' level of utilization of web-based social media and study habit (r= +0.480, p<0.05). Consequently, nursing student' level of utilization of web-based social networking is decidedly identified with their investigation study habits. Subsequently, the more the use of online was networking by the understudy, the better is the understudies' habit. It can likewise be construed that the group of nursing students that utilization online networking much of the time are additionally the group that have better study habit.

Type of social media
In light of the examination of the kind of online networking generally utilized by students nursing student in Ha'il college, the aftereffects of this investigation demonstrates that Whatsapp is the most usually utilize taken after by the Twitter and Snapchat, the rest are occasionally utilized and some are thoroughly not being used. The respondents who favored WhatsApp to other online networking organizing innovations ascribed the like it's easy to understand interface, its real-time transmission capacities, and its adaptability and sight and multimedia abilities. Respondents who preferred twitter communicated their enthusiasm for twitter inferable from a tag of address related with the online networking system. Its wide achieve makes it reasonable for culturally diverse social collaborations with users over the globe. The respondents who preferred Snap Chat to other longrange informal communication innovations owed the same to its boundless prevalence the world over, its straightforward entry and its user-friendly interface. In the study of Olutola et al. (2016), Twitter is stated by students as one of these famous means of social networking accompanied via WhatsApp and Facebook on daily basis or 3 instances a week. The recurrence of use of social media in Saudi Arabia is affirmed by ASMR (2015) in the principal report of 2015 (p. 7) naming the accompanying review survey results: Whatsapp (91%); Facebook (80%); Twitter (53%); Instagram (43%); and YouTube (40%). Additionally, Whatsapp is most favored crosswise over Arab nations. "Connectivity" is the essential reason or thought process in a social media at 55% while gaining information is optional at 12%. Langat (2015) has additionally confirmed that WhatsApp is the maximum popular accompanied followed by Facebook due to user-pleasant interface, actual time transmission abilities, and versatility and multimedia competencies. Facebook use is attributed to accessibility, consumer-pleasant interface and wide attain for go-cultural social interactions. Twitter use is owed to its class inside the social media community. Instagram use takes its edge on multimedia processing skills.

Influencing of social media on study habits
The respondents' study habits were to a high degree affected by social media. In all likelihood that this high impact may have been consequence of simple access to and realized by the accessibility of gadgets like cell phones with mobile data and Wi-Fi connection. The affordability and openness of these devices in the shop may have been another cause. This examination affirmed the discoveries of Olutola et al. (2016) on the critical impact of web-based social media usage on study habits of students in tertiary schools in a straight regression analysis, R2 of 0.078 at P value of <0.05.

Relationship social media between study habits
There is a significant connection between student' level of utilization of online networking and study habit. Truth be told, Respondents recognized that social media without a doubt contribute decidedly to their investigation habits. They demonstrated that web-based social networking enables them to get opportune class refreshes and encourage their group discussions. They demonstrated that web-based social networking assists with appropriation consider materials like notes and furthermore assume an awesome part in group working through web-based social networking group.
Respondents recognized that web-based social media assumes a fundamental part in enhancing helpful learning among student; this implies it has apparently more beneficial outcomes on learning than something else. The discoveries of Olutola et al. (2016) underpin this investigation. The connection between utilization of social media and study habit was altogether positive (r=+0.280, P<0.05).There is no significant difference in the utilization of webbased social media by nursing understudies in Ha'il University on the on the basis gender. The outcome is compatible with Olutola et al. (2016) that there is no significant difference in study habit (t= -2.206, P>0.05) and utilization of web-based social media (t= -2.206, P>0.05) amongst male and female understudies.
Male and female nursing understudies in Ha'il University are not significantly different in their study habit. The discoveries is likewise in concurrence with Ayodele and Adebiyi (2013) which uncovered that gender orientation was found to have no noteworthy contrast on students consider propensities. Likewise, gender has a non-directing variable for undergraduates think about propensity. This is on account of both male and female students have square with inclinations. There is a positive association between their study character and academic achievement.
This examination is irregularity to the investigation of Johnson and George (2014) which researched the impact of WhatsApp courier utilization on understudies' general execution in five tertiary organizations in Ghana. They discovered that female support in online networking far exceeded the male partner. The reason being hypothesized by the specialists is that female understudy were observed to probably have articulations identified with family connections and companion connections by utilizing Whatsapp than the male understudies. In the same manner, it was noticed that large numbers of the women mostly cherished the use of the application for chatting, especially for group's discussion on a specific assignment given in class than to meet themselves, individually.

Conclusion
All examination of this study explored via webbased networking media utilization and take an investigation propensities for nursing understudies in Ha'il school. All the college students are relatively involved in social media wherein the majority are using whatsapp followed by way of Twitter and snap chat. The investigation uncovered that the additional the utilization of web-based social networking by the nursing understudies, the better is the understudies think about propensities. It can similarly be determined that the gathering of understudy that use online networking frequently are furthermore the social occasion that has better examination propensity. Positive utilization of online networking may enhance the study habit for nursing understudies in the College of Nursing. Gender orientation contrasts in the utilization of online networking and study habit is not prominent it is closely similar.

Recommendations
The recommendations of this study were made in light of the aftereffects of this investigation.
 Systematic introduction ought to be given to a student on the most proficient method to and when to utilize social media to enhance their study behavior and accomplishment. The nursing student ought to be urged to enhance their study habit for better scholastic performance. Faculty members in the College of Nursing should manage the student to create proficient and compelling examination study habit while using SNS.  Nursing curriculum has to consist of subjects on suitable use and management of social media to optimize communique on academic activities and as a valuable gaining knowledge of useful resource.  An extra study can likewise be attempted on the impacts of social media on results, for example, scholastic performance of student.  TAM as a grasped framework in nursing, examination should be researched further and had a go at using auxiliary condition demonstrating and framework flow to develop as connected in a scholarly setting and to anticipate client practices in different measurements and contingent components.

Competing interests
The research investigators declare not to have any financial and non-financial competing interests regarding the publication of this paper.