International Journal of

ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES

EISSN: 2313-3724, Print ISSN: 2313-626X

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 Volume 10, Issue 5 (May 2023), Pages: 166-176

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 Original Research Paper

The impact of sleep quality, meal timing, and frequency on diet quality among remote learning university students during the COVID-19 pandemic

 Author(s): 

 Husam Khraiwesh 1, *, Buthaina Alkhatib 2, Hanan Hasan 3, Iman F. Mahmoud 4, Lana M. Agraib 5

 Affiliation(s):

 1Department of Nutrition and Food Processing, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al-Balqa’ Applied University, Salt, Jordan
 2Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
 3Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
 4Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
 5Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Jerash University, Jerash, Jordan

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 * Corresponding Author. 

  Corresponding author's ORCID profile: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2159-822X

 Digital Object Identifier: 

 https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2023.05.020

 Abstract:

Our objective is to assess the relationship between meal timing, frequency, sleep quality, and diet quality (DQ) among university students engaged in remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. To achieve this, a cross-sectional study was conducted in April 2021. We employed a self-administered electronic questionnaire to gather data. Participants self-reported their anthropometric and sociodemographic information. Physical activity (PA) levels were evaluated using the International PA Questionnaire (IPAQ), while sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). DQ was determined using a short-form Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and the data were stratified into quartiles. A total of 311 students completed the questionnaire. Half of the participants (53.2%) exhibited a moderate DQ. Interestingly, female participants had a higher proportion of individuals with high DQ (22.5%) compared to males (9.8%). Conversely, males had a higher percentage of participants with moderate DQ (68.9%) compared to females (49.4%) (P=0.016). Participants with high DQ reported significantly more consistent meal timing, such as fixed meal times, waking up early, going to bed early, feeling hungry during breakfast and lunchtime, and having breakfast in the morning (P<0.001). Participants with low DQ reported moderate to low levels of PA and poor sleep quality (P<0.001). Our findings are consistent with relevant studies conducted in different regions of the world. In conclusion, remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with adverse changes in meal timing and frequency, as well as compromised sleep quality. Furthermore, it has been linked to a prevalence of moderate DQ among university students.

 © 2023 The Authors. Published by IASE.

 This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

 Keywords: Remote learning, COVID-19 pandemic, Meal timing, International physical activity questionnaire, Pittsburgh sleep quality index

 Article History: Received 5 October 2022, Received in revised form 19 March 2023, Accepted 24 March 2023

 Acknowledgment 

No Acknowledgment.

 Compliance with ethical standards

 Ethical considerations

All participants were informed about the study objectives at the beginning of the questionnaire, then they expressed their informed consent to participate, and their data were anonymous. The study was approved by the research ethics committee (REC) of the Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan, and it was accomplished in agreement with the Declaration of Helsinki (2021/3).

 Conflict of interest: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

 Citation:

 Khraiwesh H, Alkhatib B, Hasan H, Mahmoud IF, and Agraib LM (2023). The impact of sleep quality, meal timing, and frequency on diet quality among remote learning university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 10(5): 166-176

 Permanent Link to this page

 Figures

 Fig. 1 Fig. 2 

 Tables

 Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4

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