International Journal of

ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES

EISSN: 2313-3724, Print ISSN: 2313-626X

Frequency: 12

line decor
  
line decor

 Volume 9, Issue 11 (November 2022), Pages: 153-159

----------------------------------------------

 Original Research Paper

 Incidence of cruciate ligament injuries in Saudi professional soccer league in the past 20 years

 Author(s): Khaleel I. Alyahya *

 Affiliation(s):

 Clinical Anatomy Lab, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

  Full Text - PDF          XML

 * Corresponding Author. 

  Corresponding author's ORCID profile: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3211-7759

 Digital Object Identifier: 

 https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2022.11.019

 Abstract:

This study aims to report the incidences and causes of cruciate ligament (CL) injuries in the Saudi professional soccer league in the past 20 years. Additionally, this study is also aimed to measure the association of the most common causes of injuries with age and the rate of injury recurrence in the Saudi professional soccer league. This descriptive epidemiology study combines published information online, TV news, and newspapers, about players and teams in Saudi Professional Soccer League from the year 2000 to 2020. Data were analyzed with graphs and tables of CL injury incidence by club type, frequency of matches, the position of players, age, and causes of injury. In addition, we also assess the recurrence of injury among the players. Our results revealed that CL injury is common among players in the Saudi professional soccer league. Contact with other players or opponents is the leading cause of this injury (61.9%). In terms of players’ position and CL injury, the center midfielder is more susceptible (34.9%) than players in other positions. Age-wise, young players between 20-25yr (42.9%) and 25–30 years (39.7%) of Soccer age sustain more injuries than older players (14.3%). The incidence of injury among Saudi players during this time was higher than that recorded for the non-Saudi professional player. In our study, we found that CL injury is established among players in the Saudi professional soccer league most of which was due to contact with another player. Our findings can serve as a valuable reference to understand how the frequency of participation in the match, and pressure from media and fans could affect players’ performance and contribute to the cause of injury.

 © 2022 The Authors. Published by IASE.

 This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

 Keywords: Knee, Cruciate ligament, Soccer, League

 Article History: Received 19 April 2022, Received in revised form 25 July 2022, Accepted 7 August 2022

 Acknowledgment 

I would like to express my gratitude to Mr. Abdulmajeed Azzam for his great effort in searching the media, magazines, and newspapers to collect the precious data. Also, my deep thanks to Mr. Saleh Alsaleh, the expert in sports marketing, for his support in spreading our messages to a wide range of his Twitter followers to get valuable feedback. My sincere appreciation is extended also to Nasser Alsunbul, Yazeed Almutawa, Mazen Elthiabi, and Abdulrahman Alhammadi for their wonderful contributions to searching and collecting the data.

 Compliance with ethical standards

 Conflict of interest: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

 Citation:

 Alyahya KI (2022). Incidence of cruciate ligament injuries in Saudi professional soccer league in the past 20 years. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 9(11): 153-159

 Permanent Link to this page

 Figures

 Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 

 Tables

 Table 1 Table 2 

----------------------------------------------    

 References (27)

  1. Aoki H, O’Hata N, Kohno T, Morikawa T, and Seki J (2012). A 15-year prospective epidemiological account of acute traumatic injuries during official professional soccer league matches in Japan. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(5): 1006-1014.‏ https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546512438695   [Google Scholar] PMid:22408048
  2. Boden BP, Dean GS, Feagin JA, and Garrett WE (2000). Mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament injury. Orthopedics, 23(6): 573-578. https://doi.org/10.3928/0147-7447-20000601-15   [Google Scholar] PMid:10875418
  3. Brito J, Malina RM, Seabra A, Massada JL, Soares JM, Krustrup P, and Rebelo A (2012). Injuries in Portuguese youth soccer players during training and match play. Journal of Athletic Training, 47(2): 191-197. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-47.2.191   [Google Scholar] PMid:22488285 PMCid:PMC3418131
  4. Brophy RH, Stepan JG, Silvers HJ, and Mandelbaum BR (2015). Defending puts the anterior cruciate ligament at risk during soccer: A gender-based analysis. Sports Health, 7(3): 244-249.‏ https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738114535184   [Google Scholar] PMid:26131302 PMCid:PMC4482300
  5. Buchholz F and Lopatta K (2017). Stakeholder salience of economic investors on professional football clubs in Europe. European Sport Management Quarterly, 17(4): 506-530. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2017.1306870   [Google Scholar]
  6. Dauty M and Collon S (2011). Incidence of injuries in French professional soccer players. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 32(12): 965-969. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1283188   [Google Scholar] PMid:22052029
  7. Deehan DJ, Bell K, and McCaskie AW (2007). Adolescent musculoskeletal injuries in a football academy. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 89(1): 5-8. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.89B1.18427   [Google Scholar] PMid:17259407
  8. Della Villa F, Mandelbaum BR, and Lemak LJ (2018). The effect of playing position on injury risk in male soccer players: Systematic review of the literature and risk considerations for each playing position. American Journal of Orthopedics (Belle Mead, N.J.), 47(10). https://doi.org/10.12788/ajo.2018.0092   [Google Scholar] PMid:30481238
  9. Ekegren CL, Gabbe BJ, and Finch CF (2016). Sports injury surveillance systems: A review of methods and data quality. Sports Medicine, 46(1): 49-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0410-z   [Google Scholar] PMid:26423419
  10. Frobell RB, Roos HP, Roos EM, Roemer FW, Ranstam J, and Lohmander LS (2013). Treatment for acute anterior cruciate ligament tear: Five year outcome of randomized trial. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49 (10): 700.‏ https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-f232rep   [Google Scholar] PMid:23525751
  11. Gans I, Retzky JS, Jones LC, and Tanaka MJ (2018). Epidemiology of recurrent anterior cruciate ligament injuries in national collegiate athletic association sports: The injury surveillance program, 2004-2014. Orthopedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 6(6).‏ https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967118777823   [Google Scholar] PMid:29977938 PMCid:PMC6024527
  12. Hirschmann MT and Müller W (2015). Complex function of the knee joint: The current understanding of the knee. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 23(10): 2780-2788. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-015-3619-3   [Google Scholar] PMid:25962963
  13. Malempati C, Jurjans J, Noehren B, Ireland ML, and Johnson DL (2015). Current rehabilitation concepts for anterior cruciate ligament surgery in athletes. Orthopedics, 38(11): 689-696. https://doi.org/10.3928/01477447-20151016-07   [Google Scholar] PMid:26558662
  14. Mallo J, González P, Veiga S, and Navarro E (2011). Injury incidence in a Spanish sub-elite professional football team: A prospective study during four consecutive seasons. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 10(4): 731-736.   [Google Scholar]
  15. Masouros SD, Bull AMJ, and Amis AA (2010). (i) Biomechanics of the knee joint. Orthopedics and Trauma, 24(2): 84-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mporth.2010.03.005   [Google Scholar]
  16. McAllister TW, Flashman LA, Maerlender A, Greenwald RM, Beckwith JG, Tosteson TD and Turco JH (2012). Cognitive effects of one season of head impacts in a cohort of collegiate contact sport athletes. Neurology, 78(22): 1777-1784. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182582fe7   [Google Scholar] PMid:22592370 PMCid:PMC3359587
  17. Memari Z, Pandari AR, Ehsani M, and Mahmudi S (2020). Business management in the football industry from a supply chain management perspective. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 22(4): 737-763. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-02-2020-0025   [Google Scholar]
  18. Muaidi QI (2019). Saudi professional league: A prospective study of the injuries and illnesses sustained by professional soccer players during the 2015-2016 season. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 10(1): e79930. https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm.79930   [Google Scholar]
  19. Pache S, Aman ZS, Kennedy M, Nakama GY, Moatshe G, Ziegler C, and LaPrade RF (2018). Posterior cruciate ligament: Current concepts review. Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery, 6(1): 8-18.   [Google Scholar]
  20. Raines BT, Naclerio E, and Sherman SL (2017). Management of anterior cruciate ligament injury. Indian Journal of Orthopedics, 51(5): 563-575.‏ https://doi.org/10.4103/ortho.IJOrtho_245_17   [Google Scholar] PMid:28966380 PMCid:PMC5609378
  21. Richardson J and McKenna S (2020). An exploration of career sustainability in and after professional sport. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 117: 103314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2019.06.002   [Google Scholar]
  22. Sandon A, Engström B, and Forssblad M (2020). High risk of further anterior cruciate ligament injury in a 10-year follow-up study of anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed soccer players in the Swedish national knee ligament registry. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery, 36(1): 189-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2019.05.052   [Google Scholar] PMid:31439457
  23. Shalaj I, Tishukaj F, Bachl N, Tschan H, Wessner B, and Csapo R (2016). Injuries in professional male football players in Kosovo: A descriptive epidemiological study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 17(1): 1-9.‏ https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-016-1202-9   [Google Scholar] PMid:27519820 PMCid:PMC4983041
  24. Sigward SM, Chan MS, Lin PE, Almansouri SY, and Pratt KA (2018). Compensatory strategies that reduce knee extensor demand during a bilateral squat change from 3 to 5 months following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 48(9): 713-718. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2018.7977   [Google Scholar] PMid:29895231
  25. ‏Vinagre G, Kennedy NI, Chahla J, Cinque ME, Hussain ZB, Olesen ML, and LaPrade RF (2017). Hamstring graft preparation techniques for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy Techniques, 6(6): e2079-e2084. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eats.2017.08.031   [Google Scholar] PMid:29349000 PMCid:PMC5766355
  26. Voos JE, Mauro CS, Wente T, Warren RF, and Wickiewicz TL (2012). Posterior cruciate ligament: Anatomy, biomechanics, and outcomes. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(1): 222-231. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546511416316   [Google Scholar] PMid:21803977
  27. Zhang L, Liu G, Han B, Wang Z, Yan Y, Ma J, and Wei P (2020). Knee joint biomechanics in physiological conditions and how pathologies can affect it: A systematic review. Applied Bionics and Biomechanics, 2020: 7451683. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7451683   [Google Scholar] PMid:32322301 PMCid:PMC7160724