International Journal of

ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES

EISSN: 2313-3724, Print ISSN: 2313-626X

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 Volume 8, Issue 6 (June 2021), Pages: 11-15

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 Original Research Paper

 Title: Etiology of end-stage renal disease amongst hemodialysis patients in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia

 Author(s): Alaa H. Qadhi 1, Khloud J. Ghafouri 1, Wedad F. Azhar 1, Doaa R. Negm 1, Firas S. Azzeh 1, *, Alkhateeb K. Alkemary 2

 Affiliation(s):

 1Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
 2Department of Internal Medicine (Internal Medicine and Nephrology), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

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 * Corresponding Author. 

  Corresponding author's ORCID profile: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1400-5465

 Digital Object Identifier: 

 https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2021.06.002

 Abstract:

In recent years, the number of hemodialysis (HD) patients has increased in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with increased rates of hospital admission, morbidity, and mortality. Globally, the most common causes of ESRD are diabetic nephropathy, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, infections, and chronic obstruction. However, very limited data have been presented regarding the etiology of ESRD in Saudi Arabia, especially in Makkah City. Therefore, this cross-sectional study is designed to determine the underlying etiologies of ESRD in hemodialysis patients. The study was conducted among 306 patients who were recruited from Makkah hospitals and HD centers. The obtained data showed that diabetes was the most common cause of ESRD (34.3%), followed by hypertension (20.9%), drug misuse (12.1%), hereditary conditions (10.1%), urinary tract obstruction, and urinary retention (9.8%), unknown reason (8.2%), and chronic inflammation of the kidneys (3.3%). In conclusion, this study highlights the most important factors contributing to ESRD in the Makkah region. Thus, national campaigns should be performed to increase awareness about these factors and to possibly reduce the incidence of the disease. 

 © 2021 The Authors. Published by IASE.

 This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

 Keywords: End-stage renal disease, Etiology, Makkah

 Article History: Received 28 November 2020, Received in revised form 13 February 2021, Accepted 13 February 2021

 Acknowledgment 

The authors thank the registered dietitians in the hospitals and HD centers in Makkah for their help and support.

 Compliance with ethical standards

 Ethical considerations: 

Informed written consent was obtained from each patient, and all patient details were kept confidential under the current legal framework. This study was approved by the ethics and research committees of the Ministry of Health of the KSA (Approval number H-02-K-076-0619-122).

 Conflict of interest: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

 Citation:

  Qadhi AH, Ghafouri KJ, and Azhar WF et al. (2021). Etiology of end-stage renal disease amongst hemodialysis patients in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 8(6): 11-15

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 Tables

 Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 

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