International journal of

ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES

EISSN: 2313-3724, Print ISSN:2313-626X

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 Volume 6, Issue 5 (May 2019), Pages: 50-58

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 Original Research Paper

 Title: Landsat data to estimate a model of water quality parameters in Tigris and Euphrates rivers – Iraq

 Author(s): Malik R. Abbas 1, 2, *, Abd Wahid Bin Rasib 1, Baharin Bin Ahmad 1, Tajul Ariffin Bin Musa 1, Talib R. Abbas 3, Hafsat S. Dutsenwai 1

 Affiliation(s):

 1Department of Remote Sensing, Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi, Malaysia, UTM, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
 2Space and Communication Directorate, Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
 3Environment and Water Directorate, Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq

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 * Corresponding Author. 

  Corresponding author's ORCID profile: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2166-0951

 Digital Object Identifier: 

 https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2019.05.009

 Abstract:

Tigris and Euphrates are the two main rivers that supply the water demanded by all the cities in Iraq. However, due to contentious deterioration, monitoring the water quality of these two rivers has become a necessity. Hence, there is need for a study concerning water quality modelling using satellite data for the rivers of Iraq. The main objective of this study is to create a new simple and accurate algorithm for the extraction of water quality parameters for the rivers of Iraq using Landsat 5 satellite data as a cheap and effective method for the monitoring of polluted rivers in Iraq. The area of study is located in the central region of Iraq. The water quality data archive was acquired in August 2007, and it represents the daily values for six physical and chemical water parameters: Dissolved Oxygen DO2, Total dissolved solids TDS, pH value, Orthophosphate PO4, Electrical conductivity E.C and Water temperature T. The parameter data were compared with the reflectance values of Landsat 5 bands using different band combinations of empirical algorithms. The results of the analysis showed a significant correlation between these models and water quality parameters with R2 > 0.83. The results of comparison between the predicted water quality parameters and those in the archive displayed more reliability for the models used, R2 = (0.73 – 0.97). The results of spatial analysis demonstrated the possibility of using the Landsat’s spectrum bands for the evaluation of the water quality for rivers in Iraq. 

 © 2019 The Authors. Published by IASE.

 This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

 Keywords: Landsat, Tigris, Water quality, Iraq rivers, TDS

 Article History: Received 28 November 2018, Received in revised form 11 March 2019, Accepted 15 March 2019

 Acknowledgement:

The authors would like to express their profound gratitude to Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying (FABU), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) for all the support that been provided. The authors also would like to thank UTM for providing the financial support through FRGS VOT 4F336 and GUP-Tier 1 grant VOT 20H01. 

 Compliance with ethical standards

 Conflict of interest:  The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

 Citation:

 Abbas MR, Rasib AWB, and Ahmad BB et al. (2019). Landsat data to estimate a model of water quality parameters in Tigris and Euphrates rivers – Iraq. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 6(5): 50-58

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 Figures

 Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9

 Tables

 Table 1 Table 2

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