International journal of

ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES

EISSN: 2313-3724, Print ISSN:2313-626X

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 Volume 5, Issue 5 (May 2018), Pages: 61-70

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 Original Research Paper

 Title: Combining lime softening with alum coagulation for hard Ghrib dam water conventional treatment

 Author(s): Djamel Ghernaout 1, 2, *, Abderrahmane Simoussa 3, Abdulaziz Alghamdi 4, Badia Ghernaout 5, Noureddine Elboughdiri 1, Ammar Mahjoubi 1, Mohamed Aichouni 6, Abd El-Aziz El-Wakil 1, 7

 Affiliation(s):

 1Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, PO Box 2440, Ha’il 81441, Saudi Arabia
 2Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Blida, PO Box 270, Blida 09000, Algeria
 3Algerian Waters Company (ADE), Medea Area, Medea 26000, Algeria
 4Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, PO Box 2440, Ha’il 81441, Saudi Arabia
 5Laboratory of Mechanics (LME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Laghouat, PO Box 37G, Laghouat 03000, Algeria
 6Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, PO Box 2440, Ha’il 81441, Saudi Arabia
 7National Institute of Standards, Teresa Street, El-Haram, PO Box 136, Giza 12211, Egypt

 https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2018.05.008

 Full Text - PDF          XML

 Abstract:

This work aims to control the efficiency of water softening as an inherent phenomenon in the coagulation process or, in other words, to evaluate the softening process as a secondary reaction which is producing simultaneously with the main reaction as the coagulation process. Ghrib Dam water is well-known for its high hardness ranging from 750 to 900 mg/L as CaCO3. That is, this water is unpleasant to the domestic consumption. Conventional water treatment at the Ghrib Station is based on coagulation using aluminum sulfate [Al2 (SO4)3.18H2O] (alum) as a single coagulant. Alum has a minimal effect on the total hardness and its human toxicity is not yet doubtful. This research introduces the concept of the replacement of alum by lime and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in coagulation process at the Ghrib Station. Coagulation experiments on jar test using the three reagents (alum, lime, and NaOH) are performed and physicochemical analyses are conducted to evaluate the possibility of alum partial or total replacement for improving the treatment effectiveness in hardness reducing. The obtained results show that hardness is decreased at its half by combining simultaneously the three chemical products: alum = 15, lime = 100, NaOH = 100 mg/L. Additional survey is required to examine the complicated interaction in the Ca2+/Mg2+-DOM-Al ternary system to comprehensively define the contributions of the two mechanisms – lime softening and coagulation - to organic matter removal by coagulation. 

 © 2018 The Authors. Published by IASE.

 This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

 Keywords: Coagulation, Chemical precipitation, Hardness removal, Alum, Lime, Sodium hydroxide

 Article History: Received 23 November 2017, Received in revised form 1 March 2018, Accepted 4 March 2018

 Digital Object Identifier: 

 https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2018.05.008

 Citation:

 Ghernaout D, Simoussa A, and Alghamdi A et al. (2018). Combining lime softening with alum coagulation for hard Ghrib dam water conventional treatment. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 5(5): 61-70

 Permanent Link:

 http://www.science-gate.com/IJAAS/2018/V5I5/Ghernaout.html

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