International journal of

ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES

EISSN: 2313-3724, Print ISSN:2313-626X

Frequency: 12
line decor
  
line decor

 Volume 5, Issue 10 (October 2018), Pages: 76-86

----------------------------------------------

 Original Research Paper

 Title: Numerical simulation of groundwater rising due to rainfall at far field in triggering landslide

 Author(s): Shamsan Alsubal *, Nasiman Bin Sapari, Indra S. H. Harahap

 Affiliation(s):

 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia

 https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2018.10.011

 Full Text - PDF          XML

 Abstract:

Landslide is a major issue in tropical countries. The intensive rainfall is the main triggering factor for a landslide that causes a loss in lives and properties. Landslide’s triggering factors are several such as rain infiltration, earthquake, and human activities and so on. Those factors are very common. In this paper, the effect of rising of groundwater table in triggering landslide with respect to soil type, soil permeability and rain intensity in a regional scale were studied by running coupled seepage-slope analysis using SOILWORKS software. The results indicate that soil slopes with high permeability coefficient are prone to fail during rainstorm due to the high infiltration of rainwater and the quick rise of the groundwater table, which increases the pore-water pressure. The highest rain infiltration occurs during the first rainfall event and declines at the second and third rainfall due to the saturation of soil at the top layer and the development of a perched water table. It was noticed that the negative pore water pressure increased above the groundwater table and reached its max at the crest of the slope due to the absence of wetting front and the movement of voids with the advancement of the groundwater table. Both high and low rainfall intensities have the same effect on the deep groundwater table. Sandy-silt soil slope was highly affected by rainfall infiltration in comparison with Sandy-clay and Silty-clay slope due to the difference in soil suction where it rose up -60 kpa with Sandy-silt slope after 8 hours of the rainfall which allows more rainwater to infiltrate comparing to other soil slopes which rose up to -21 and -17 kpa for Sandy-clay and Silty-clay slopes respectively. The groundwater table rises above the toe level of the slope causing the factor of safety to drop from 1.312 to 0.93 at the end of the third day. The study indicates that the rainfall at far field of the slope could trigger landslide due to the rise of the groundwater table. 

 © 2018 The Authors. Published by IASE.

 This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

 Keywords: Landslide, Slope stability, Rainfall intensity, Groundwater table, Soil properties

 Article History: Received 5 March 2018, Received in revised form 2 July 2018, Accepted 22 August 2018

 Digital Object Identifier: 

 https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2018.10.011

 Citation:

  Alsubal S, Sapari NB, and Harahap ISH (2018). Numerical simulation of groundwater rising due to rainfall at far field in triggering landslide. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 5(10): 76-86

 Permanent Link:

 http://www.science-gate.com/IJAAS/2018/V5I10/Alsubal.html

----------------------------------------------

 References (29) 

  1. Ali A, Huang J, Lyamin AV, Sloan SW, and Cassidy MJ (2014). Boundary effects of rainfall-induced landslides. Computers and Geotechnics, 61: 341-354.   [Google Scholar] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2014.05.019
  1. Ali MH, Lee TS, Kwok CY, and Eloubaidy AF (2000). Modelling evaporation and evapotranspiration under temperature change in Malaysia. Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology, 8(2): 191-204.   [Google Scholar]
  1. Babangida NM, Askari M, Wan Yusof K, and Mustafa MRU (2014). Comparison of soil water retention functions for humid tropical soils. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 567: 8-13.   [Google Scholar]  https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.567.8
  1. Bordoni M, Meisina C, Valentino R, Lu N, Bittelli M, and Chersich S (2015). Hydrological factors affecting rainfall-induced shallow landslides: From the field monitoring to a simplified slope stability analysis. Engineering Geology, 193: 19-37.   [Google Scholar] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.04.006
  1. Chae BG, Lee JH, Park HJ, and Choi J (2015). A method for predicting the factor of safety of an infinite slope based on the depth ratio of the wetting front induced by rainfall infiltration. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 15(8): 1835-1849.   [Google Scholar] https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-1835-2015
  1. De Vita P, Reichenbach P, Bathurst JC, Borga M, Crosta G, Crozier M, and Wasowski J (1998). Rainfall-triggered landslides: A reference list. Environmental Geology, 35(2-3): 219-233.   [Google Scholar] https://doi.org/10.1007/s002540050308
  1. Galeandro A, Doglioni A, Simeone V, and Šimůnek J (2014). Analysis of infiltration processes into fractured and swelling soils as triggering factors of landslides. Environmental Earth Sciences, 71(6): 2911-2923.   [Google Scholar] https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2666-7
  1. Gasmo JM, Rahardjo H, and Leong EC (2000). Infiltration effects on stability of a residual soil slope. Computers and Geotechnics, 26(2): 145-165.   [Google Scholar] https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-352X(99)00035-X
  1. Hakro MR and Harahap ISH (2015). Laboratory experiments on rainfall-induced flowslide from pore pressure and moisture content measurements. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 3(2): 1575-1613.   [Google Scholar] https://doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-3-1575-2015
  1. Han B, Hou SS, Zhu B, Wang LC, Li A, and Ye HJ (2014). Deformation monitoring and prediction of a reservoir landslide in Sichuan Province, China. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 580: 2694-2701.   [Google Scholar] https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.580-583.2694
  1. Hu W, Xu Q, Wang GH, Van Asch TWJ, and Hicher PY (2015). Sensitivity of the initiation of debris flow to initial soil moisture. Landslides, 12(6): 1139-1145.   [Google Scholar] https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-014-0529-2
  1. Ishak MF, Ali N, and Kassim A (2016). Tree induced suction on slope stabilization analysis. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 11(11): 7204-7208.   [Google Scholar]
  1. Kassim A, Gofar N, Lee LM, and Rahardjo H (2012). Modeling of suction distributions in an unsaturated heterogeneous residual soil slope. Engineering Geology, 131: 70-82.   [Google Scholar] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2012.02.005
  1. Leung AK, Sun HW, Millis SW, Pappin JW, Ng CWW, and Wong HN (2011). Field monitoring of an unsaturated saprolitic hillslope. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 48(3): 339-353.   [Google Scholar] https://doi.org/10.1139/T10-069
  1. Li WC, Dai FC, Wei YQ, Wang ML, Min H, and Lee LM (2016). Implication of subsurface flow on rainfall-induced landslide: A case study. Landslides, 13(5): 1109-1123.   [Google Scholar] https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-015-0619-9
  1. Li WC, Lee LM, Cai H, Li HJ, Dai FC, and Wang ML (2013). Combined roles of saturated permeability and rainfall characteristics on surficial failure of homogeneous soil slope. Engineering Geology, 153: 105-113.   [Google Scholar] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2012.11.017
  1. Ng CWW and Shi Q (1998). A numerical investigation of the stability of unsaturated soil slopes subjected to transient seepage. Computers and Geotechnics, 22(1): 1-28.   [Google Scholar] https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-352X(97)00036-0
  1. Ni HY (2015). Experimental study on initiation of gully-type debris flow based on artificial rainfall and channel runoff. Environmental Earth Sciences, 73(10): 6213-6227.   [Google Scholar] https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3845-x
  1. Orense RP (2004). Slope failures triggered by heavy rainfall. Philippine Engineering Journal, 25(2): 73-90.   [Google Scholar]
  1. Pirone M, Papa R, Nicotera MV, and Urciuoli G (2015). In situ monitoring of the groundwater field in an unsaturated pyroclastic slope for slope stability evaluation. Landslides, 12(2): 259-276.   [Google Scholar] https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-014-0483-z
  1. Qi S and Vanapalli SK (2015). Hydro-mechanical coupling effect on surficial layer stability of unsaturated expansive soil slopes. Computers and Geotechnics, 70: 68-82.   [Google Scholar] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2015.07.006
  1. Rahardjo H, Santoso VA, Leong EC, Ng YS, and Pang HTC (2009). Pore-water pressure characteristics of two instrumented residual soil slopes. In the 4th Asia-Pacific Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Newcastle, Australia: 1-8.   [Google Scholar]
  1. Tiwari B and Caballero S (2015). Experimental modeling of rainfall induced slope failures in compacted clays. In the International Foundations Congress and Equipment Expo 2015, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, USA: 1217-1226.   [Google Scholar] https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784479087.109
  1. Tiwari B and Lewis A (2012). Experimental modeling of rainfall and seismic activities as landslide triggers. In the Geo Congress 2012: State of the Art and Practice in Geotechnical Engineering, San Antonio, Texas, USA: 471-478.   [Google Scholar] https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784412121.049
  1. Tiwari B, Tran D, Ajmera B, Carrilo Y, Stapleton J, Khan M, and Mohiuddin S (2016). Effect of slope steepness, void ratio, and intensity of rainfall on seepage velocity and the stability of slopes. In the Geotechnical and Structural Engineering Congress 2016, Phoenix, Arizona: 584-590.   [Google Scholar] https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784479742.048
  1. Tohari A, Nishigaki M, and Komatsu M (2007). Laboratory rainfall-induced slope failure with moisture content measurement. Journal of Geotechnical and Geo Environmental Engineering, 133(5): 575-587.   [Google Scholar] https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:5(575)
  1. Tsaparas I, Rahardjo H, Toll DG, and Leong EC (2002). Controlling parameters for rainfall-induced landslides. Computers and Geo Technics, 29(1): 1-27.   [Google Scholar] https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-352X(01)00019-2
  1. Tsuchida T, Athapaththu AMRG, Kawabata S, Kano S, Hanaoka T, and Yuri A (2014). Individual landslide hazard assessment of natural valleys and slopes based on geotechnical investigation and analysis. Soils and Foundations, 54(4): 806-819.   [Google Scholar] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2014.06.012
  1. Uchaipichat A (2013). Variation of safety factor with suctions of infinite clay slope under partially saturated condition. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 8(3): 166-168.   [Google Scholar]